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Massachusetts Environment & Hazard Risk

2 counties rated high or very high risk. 15,489 storm events since 1996, #37 among states.

Expected yearly loss
$1.5B
$210 per person
Storm events since 1996
15,489
Most often thunderstorm wind
Flood insurance policies
36,939
$439M in claims paid
Superfund sites
41
357 toxic release facilities

Risk by county

FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first

CountyOverall riskTop hazardFlood policiesFlood claims paid
Middlesex CountyHighIce storm4,000$36.4M
Essex CountyHighCoastal flooding5,537$94.1M
Worcester CountyModerateIce storm1,081$12.6M
Suffolk CountyModerateLightning3,270$29M
Hampden CountyModerateIce storm496$2.7M
Norfolk CountyModerateHurricane3,015$25.9M
Plymouth CountyModerateCoastal flooding7,128$153M
Bristol CountyModerateHurricane2,598$13.7M
Barnstable CountyModerateCoastal flooding7,485$43M
Berkshire CountyModerateHurricane414$3.1M
Hampshire CountyLowHurricane339$2M
Franklin CountyLowLandslide146$3.8M
Nantucket CountyVery LowHurricane714$17.6M
Dukes CountyVery LowHurricane716$1.7M

Storm events by type

Since 1996: 60 deaths, $904M in property and crop damage

  • Thunderstorm Wind3,983 · 10 deaths
  • Strong Wind2,133 · 8 deaths
  • High Wind1,592 · 7 deaths
  • Heavy Snow1,488 · 7 deaths
  • Hail1,319
  • Flood1,007 · 3 deaths
  • Winter Weather748 · 3 deaths
  • Winter Storm689
  • Flash Flood614
  • Lightning501 · 8 deaths
  • Coastal Flood274
  • Heavy Rain273

Events per year

Storm events per year in Massachusetts

Most damaging storms

Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage

  • Flash Flood06/28/2020

    Norwood, Norfolk County

    $30M damage

    What happened

    A Flash Flood emergency occurred, with considerable damage in the vicinity of Norwood Hospital. Severe flooding, more than 4 feet deep, occurred in the basement of the hospital. The entire pharmacy inventory was destroyed. One hundred patients had to be evacuated. Numerous cars were submerged in the parking lot, which, albeit, is in a 'bowl' not designed with flooding in mind. Damage to the hospital was estimated at $20,000,000. In addition, emergency management officials said that approximately 250 homes suffered flood damage.

  • Winter Weather02/08/2017

    Western Norfolk

    1 death, 4 injured, $150K damage

    What happened

    Freezing rain caused numerous crashes and in some instances temporary road closures on the major arteries around Metropolitan Boston. These occurred near the start of the morning commute. A 63-year-old man who stopped to help a motorist stuck on an icy road in Needham was killed when a second vehicle slid into him, pinning him between two vehicles.

  • Strong Wind43 kt wind03/27/2021

    Northwest Middlesex County

    1 death, 2 injured, $500 damage

    What happened

    Sadly, winds gusting to around 50 mph, knocked down a rotted tree, which directly hit a 1-year-old baby, who his father was holding in the front yard of his house. The father only had scratches, but the baby was taken to a hospital and he died the next day.

  • High Wind51 kt wind03/02/2017

    Southern Worcester

    1 death, 1 injured, $12K damage

    What happened

    At 210 PM EST, The Automated Surface Observing System platform at Worcester Airport measured a wind gust of 59 mph. There were several reports of trees brought down by the wind during the morning. A large tree fell on a car on Sutton Avenue in Oxford, killing a 50 year old man. A tree fell on an unoccupied house on Oread Street near Beacon Street in Worcester. A tree fell and blocked Main Street in Douglas, Old Westboro Road in Grafton, Westview Street in Auburn, and Hopkinton Road in Westborough.

  • High Wind52 kt wind02/03/2023

    Eastern Hampden

    1 death, 1 injured, $8,000 damage

    What happened

    Winds were generally gusting to 50 to 60 mph, but at the highest elevations, a mesonet site atop Mt. Tom recorded a gust to 78 mph at 617 PM EST. In Southwick at 1230 PM EST, a tree fell onto a SUV on Feeding Hills Road (Route 57), which sadly killed a 6-month old passenger.

  • High Surf09/29/2018

    Barnstable

    1 death, 1 injured

    What happened

    A 27-year-old man walking along the shore at Ballston Beach in Truro Massachusetts was swept into the surf around 12:30 PM EST. He was fully clothed and walking on a narrow stretch of beach that only had 4 or 5 feet of sand next to the water. The surf/waves, which were pounding the shore that day, came by and literally knocked him off his feet and swept him fatally out to sea. His body was found one mile north of the beach the next morning. ||Truro Police and Fire along with a State Police helicopter and a U.S. Coast Guard vessel and helicopter all responded to assist in the desperate search. Some family members reportedly also tried unsuccessfully to reach the victim.

Flood insurance

National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims

36,939 homes in Massachusetts have flood insurance, about 2.0% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 27,037 of 53,794 homes (50%) are insured.

Flood claims paid per year in Massachusetts
  • The "Halloween" Storm$81.7M · 4,248 claims
  • Hurricane Bob$42.7M · 2,825 claims
  • Flooding$40.6M · 5,850 claims
  • March 2010 Nor'easter$24.3M · 1,912 claims
  • December Storm - Nor'easter$17.7M · 2,127 claims
  • April 2007 Nor'easter$9.4M · 440 claims

Drinking water

528 community water systems serve about 10,829,918 people

Since 2021, 66 systems reported 205 health-based violations. 91 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:

Select a county above to see every system that serves it.

Climate in the largest cities

1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station

CityJuly highJan lowRainSnow
Boston85°F19°F49.4 in-
Worcester80°F17°F48.3 in72.9 in
Springfield85°F16°F45.2 in-
Lowell85°F16°F48.5 in-
Brockton84°F21°F50.2 in34.3 in
Quincy83°F22°F52.3 in50.9 in
Lynn80°F18°F48.0 in39.1 in
New Bedford83°F21°F45.9 in-

Pollution sites

41 Superfund sites and 357 toxic release facilities

Superfund sites

All 41 in Massachusetts

Largest toxic releases

All 357 in Massachusetts

Facilities in Massachusetts reported 4.5 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 645,220 lbs of it into the air.

Frequently asked questions

What is the biggest natural hazard in Massachusetts?
By expected annual loss, hurricane costs the most in Massachusetts ($193M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
How many storms hit Massachusetts each year?
NOAA recorded 15,489 storm events in Massachusetts since 1996, about 500 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
How many hurricanes have hit Massachusetts?
Massachusetts has had 5 hurricane landfalls since 1851, including 0 major hurricanes of Category 3 or stronger.
How many homes in Massachusetts have flood insurance?
36,939 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Massachusetts. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $439M on 35,063 claims here.
How many Superfund sites are in Massachusetts?
Massachusetts has 41 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.

Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.