Custer County, SD Environment & Hazard Risk
Very Low natural hazard risk, led by wildfire. 1,618 storm events since 1996.
- Expected yearly loss
- $8.8M
- Very Low nationally
- Storm events since 1996
- 1,618
- Most often hail
- Flood insurance policies
- 44
- 0.8% of homes
- Hurricanes nearby
- 0
- Since 1851
Natural hazard risk
FEMA National Risk Index, December 2025
Overall risk
Very Low
Score 16.3 of 100
Social vulnerability
Very Low
Score 10.6 of 100
Community resilience
Relatively Moderate
Score 47.0 of 100
Community resilience runs the other way: a higher rating means a community can recover faster.
Building value exposed: $2.9B · Agriculture value exposed: $34.3M · Risk-adjusted yearly loss: $6.6M
Risk by hazard
- WildfireRelatively Moderate$4M/yr expected annual loss, about once every 129 years
- Winter weatherRelatively Low$127K/yr expected annual loss, about 15 events a year
- LandslideVery Low$2,147/yr expected annual loss, about once every 2 years
- HailRelatively Low$292K/yr expected annual loss, about 6.2 events a year
- EarthquakeVery Low$63.3K/yr expected annual loss, about once every 1,689 years
- LightningRelatively Low$123K/yr expected annual loss, about 45 events a year
- Cold waveVery Low$399K/yr expected annual loss, about 4.0 events a year
- TornadoVery Low$396K/yr expected annual loss, about once every 3 years
- DroughtVery Low$1,634/yr expected annual loss, about 63 events a year
- Strong windVery Low$185K/yr expected annual loss, about 2.5 events a year
- Heat waveVery Low$8,105/yr expected annual loss, about once every 3 years
- Ice stormVery Low$1,745/yr expected annual loss, about once every 67 years
- AvalancheVery Low$1/yr expected annual loss, about once every 100 years
Bars show the national percentile score (0 to 100) for each hazard. Dollar figures are expected annual losses to buildings, people and crops. Not rated here: coastal flooding, hurricane, riverine flooding, tsunami, volcanic activity.
Flood risk and insurance
National Flood Insurance Program and FEMA flood maps
Check the flood zone for an address
- Homes with flood insurance
- 44 of 5,843 (0.8%)
- Homes in high-risk flood zones
- 325
- Insured in high-risk zones
- 41 (13%)
- Flood claims since 1978
- 50
- Claims paid since 1978
- $646K
Flood claims paid per year
Storm history
Since 1996: 1,618 events, 0 deaths, $12.8M in damage
- Hail653
- Winter Storm230
- Thunderstorm Wind225
- High Wind162
- Winter Weather145
- Heavy Snow66
- Blizzard43
- Flash Flood22
- Flood20
- Extreme Cold/Wind Chill17
Events per year
14 tornadoes on record (EF0 2, EF1 3, F0 4, F1 2, F2 3).
Most damaging storms
Since 1996, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage
- Flash Flood08/18/2007
Hermosa, Custer County
$3M damage
What happened
Heavy rain estimated at four to six inches fell west of Hermosa between 6 pm and 8 pm MST. Battle and Grace Coolidge Creeks overflowed their banks and several dry canyons filled with water and drained into the creeks. State highways 40 and 36 were flooded in numerous spots. A river gauge on Battle Creek just east of Hermosa crested at 14.91 feet at 9 pm, rising from 2.63 ft at 7:30 pm and above the flood stage of 8.0 feet. About six inches of water covered Highway 79 at the Battle Creek bridge. A railroad bridge about 3/4 mile downstream became clogged with debris and water rose behind the embankment and flooded six homes. At about 8:30 pm MST, a section of the embankment failed, flooding a new subdivision on the other side. All of the approximately 20 houses were damaged; three homes were washed off their foundations, and one of those houses was carried a half a mile east of the subdivision by the flowing water. There were no injuries.
- Hail2" hail09/05/2013
Custer, Custer County
$2M damage
What happened
Hail damaged vehicles and property.
- High Wind70 kt wind07/01/1997
Southern Black Hills
2 injured
What happened
At Custer, a boy was reported to have minor injuries from flying debris. Also near Custer, a girl was injured by a falling limb. Major damage occurred to a store in Custer when winds ripped off a large portion of he face of the store and part of the roof. Much of the city lost power for several hours when poles were snapped by the strong winds. Lagre trees were split and knocked down across Custer State Park.
- Blizzard04/19/2000
Central Black Hills
$1.5M damage
- Flash Flood08/02/2019
Custer, Custer County
$1M damage
What happened
Significant flooding occurred on French Creek from the Custer Limestone area downstream to Stockade Lake, including the City of Custer. Several smaller tributaries into French Creek, including Ruby Creek, also flooded. Flash flooding inundated Custer Limestone Road just east of the intersection of Forest Service 284 and Forest Service 285, French Creek Road at Hoover Court, Highway 16, Highway 16A, Highway 89, Custer Street, South 4th Street, French Creek Drive, Gordon Street, 7th Street, 8th Street, Washington Street, Sidney Park, Granite Valley Drive, and Iron Creek Road. Several homes and businesses were also flooded.
- Lightning05/27/2014
Buffalo Gap, Custer County
1 injured
What happened
A lightning bolt hit a storm chaser as he was filming a storm. The charge traveled to the ground and blew a hole in the pavement. The chaser's car and another car were disabled.
Drinking water
11 community water systems serve about 4,006 people. Violations since 2021.
4 systems had health-based violations, such as a contaminant over the legal limit or a missed treatment step. 1 system had a violation of any kind still open at last report.
- CusterServes 1,919 · Groundwater · Local governmentNo health violations
- Southern Black Hills WaterServes 947 · Groundwater · PrivateNo health violations
- Hermosa-Old SystemServes 420 · Groundwater · Local governmentNo health violations+4 monitoring or reporting
- Spring Creek AcresServes 172 · Groundwater · PrivateNo health violations
- Buffalo GapServes 126 · Groundwater · Local government2 health violations+7 monitoring or reporting
- Hermosa Water Users AssociationServes 108 · Groundwater · Local governmentNo health violations+2 monitoring or reporting
- Heartland Country RanchettesServes 95 · Groundwater · PrivateNo health violations
- Rock Ridge CourtServes 74 · Groundwater · Private1 health violation+31 monitoring or reporting
Largest systems by population served. Monitoring and reporting violations mean required tests or notices were late or missing, not that the water was unsafe.
Pollution sites
0 Superfund sites and 0 toxic release facilities in Custer County
No Superfund sites or toxic release facilities in Custer County in our data.
Superfund sitesToxic release facilitiesEPA inspections and enforcementAir toxics cancer risk26 historic places
Frequently asked questions
- How risky is Custer County for natural disasters?
- FEMA rates Custer County very low for overall natural hazard risk, with expected losses of $8.8M a year. The highest-rated hazards are wildfire (relatively moderate), winter weather (relatively low), landslide (very low).
- What storms are most common in Custer County?
- Since 1996, NOAA recorded 1,618 storm events affecting Custer County, most often hail (653), winter storm (230), thunderstorm wind (225).
- How many tornadoes have hit Custer County?
- 14 tornadoes have been recorded in Custer County since 1950.
- How many homes in Custer County have flood insurance?
- 44 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Custer County, covering about 0.8% of homes. The program has paid $646K on 50 claims here since 1978.
- What is the weather like in Custer County?
- At Wind Cave, average highs reach 85°F in Jul and lows fall to 15°F in Jan, with 21.2 inches of rain a year (1991-2020 normals).
Source: FEMA (National Risk Index, NFIP), NOAA (Storm Events, HURDAT2, Climate Normals), EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch the county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.