Checked
Mortgage Lending in the United States, 2025
Home loan applications, approvals and denials reported under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA)
- Applications, 2025
- 11,704,302
- Loans made
- 6,819,545
- $2.4T in total
- Denial rate
- 22.4%
- Of applications with a decision
- Average loan
- $352,000
- Loans made
Mortgage denial rate by state
Darker states deny a larger share of applications. Select a state for its counties.
By loan purpose
Applications in 2025 by what the loan was for
Swipe the table sideways to see more columns.
| Purpose | Applications | Loans made | Denial rate | Average loan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home purchase | 5,322,579 | 3,588,965 | 13.4% | $404,000 |
| Home improvement | 1,193,345 | 612,998 | 34.8% | $138,000 |
| Refinance | 1,843,920 | 1,041,136 | 20.4% | $480,000 |
| Cash-out refinance | 1,968,371 | 952,797 | 30.1% | $279,000 |
| Other purpose | 1,376,087 | 623,649 | 38.1% | $160,000 |
By loan type
Conventional loans and government-backed loans
Swipe the table sideways to see more columns.
| Loan type | Applications | Loans made | Denial rate | Average loan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional | 9,075,747 | 5,314,807 | 23.2% | $355,000 |
| FHA | 1,598,876 | 906,763 | 21.7% | $318,000 |
| VA | 976,895 | 561,694 | 16.1% | $397,000 |
| USDA (RHS or FSA) | 57,787 | 39,111 | 12.7% | $186,000 |
Mortgage lending by state
Applications and loans made in 2025
Swipe the table sideways to see more columns.
| State | Applications | Loans made | Denial rate | Average loan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 207,759 | 115,096 | 25.0% | $246,000 |
| Alaska | 19,616 | 11,904 | 18.0% | $340,000 |
| American Samoa | 0 | 0 | Not shown | Not shown |
| Arizona | 309,075 | 183,830 | 20.4% | $374,000 |
| Arkansas | 116,972 | 66,481 | 23.1% | $273,000 |
| California | 1,017,855 | 572,103 | 22.4% | $601,000 |
| Colorado | 260,350 | 156,384 | 19.7% | $436,000 |
| Connecticut | 123,745 | 74,713 | 21.6% | $362,000 |
| Delaware | 45,666 | 27,031 | 22.7% | $298,000 |
| District of Columbia | 16,747 | 9,297 | 23.7% | $753,000 |
| Florida | 931,599 | 490,902 | 27.2% | $372,000 |
| Georgia | 449,022 | 242,884 | 25.1% | $328,000 |
| Guam | 213 | 157 | 8.0% | $420,000 |
| Hawaii | 35,861 | 19,856 | 27.3% | $603,000 |
| Idaho | 89,790 | 56,590 | 17.5% | $326,000 |
| Illinois | 395,806 | 232,511 | 21.7% | $300,000 |
| Indiana | 285,841 | 177,941 | 20.1% | $242,000 |
| Iowa | 110,805 | 75,880 | 15.3% | $214,000 |
| Kansas | 94,787 | 60,492 | 18.3% | $250,000 |
| Kentucky | 173,124 | 100,396 | 23.5% | $236,000 |
| Louisiana | 133,260 | 69,255 | 28.1% | $236,000 |
| Maine | 57,083 | 35,485 | 20.1% | $292,000 |
| Maryland | 227,330 | 126,652 | 24.1% | $355,000 |
| Massachusetts | 216,606 | 135,609 | 19.9% | $474,000 |
| Michigan | 383,137 | 229,460 | 22.6% | $249,000 |
| Minnesota | 184,979 | 122,770 | 16.3% | $298,000 |
| Mississippi | 103,486 | 54,709 | 28.4% | $200,000 |
| Missouri | 234,127 | 146,721 | 18.7% | $245,000 |
| Montana | 37,100 | 22,995 | 18.7% | $393,000 |
| Nebraska | 65,270 | 43,912 | 15.1% | $262,000 |
| Nevada | 120,632 | 69,587 | 22.2% | $381,000 |
| New Hampshire | 57,697 | 35,607 | 20.3% | $355,000 |
| New Jersey | 319,978 | 178,205 | 23.1% | $423,000 |
| New Mexico | 73,691 | 39,311 | 24.7% | $314,000 |
| New York | 389,684 | 232,207 | 24.0% | $498,000 |
| North Carolina | 486,247 | 281,114 | 22.8% | $318,000 |
| North Dakota | 20,568 | 14,333 | 13.7% | $277,000 |
| Northern Mariana Islands | 0 | 0 | Not shown | Not shown |
| Ohio | 463,364 | 277,366 | 21.9% | $229,000 |
| Oklahoma | 140,866 | 79,037 | 22.9% | $236,000 |
| Oregon | 147,377 | 89,353 | 19.2% | $367,000 |
| Pennsylvania | 447,418 | 272,778 | 22.2% | $241,000 |
| Puerto Rico | 21,221 | 14,266 | 18.5% | $201,000 |
| Rhode Island | 43,516 | 26,002 | 23.2% | $346,000 |
| South Carolina | 252,647 | 143,048 | 23.5% | $319,000 |
| South Dakota | 25,906 | 17,110 | 15.7% | $282,000 |
| Tennessee | 303,418 | 176,221 | 21.7% | $321,000 |
| Texas | 959,321 | 526,502 | 24.9% | $353,000 |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 329 | 217 | 8.1% | $527,000 |
| Utah | 151,704 | 95,944 | 19.2% | $382,000 |
| Vermont | 20,682 | 13,417 | 18.1% | $278,000 |
| Virginia | 341,125 | 203,037 | 20.2% | $381,000 |
| Washington | 287,208 | 175,387 | 19.5% | $460,000 |
| West Virginia | 54,050 | 29,615 | 26.7% | $207,000 |
| Wisconsin | 226,804 | 154,541 | 16.4% | $248,000 |
| Wyoming | 21,838 | 13,324 | 19.6% | $312,000 |
Frequently asked questions
- What is HMDA data?
- Under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, most mortgage lenders report every home loan application they receive and what happened to it. The data covers purchases, refinances and home improvement loans. DatenUS shows totals for each area only, not individual applications.
- How is the denial rate calculated?
- The denial rate is the number of denied applications divided by applications that reached a decision: loans made, applications approved but not accepted, and denied applications. Withdrawn and incomplete applications are left out. Rates are not shown when fewer than 20 applications reached a decision.
- Which states had the highest mortgage denial rates in 2025?
- The highest denial rates were in Mississippi (28.4%), Louisiana (28.1%), Hawaii (27.3%). The lowest were in North Dakota (13.7%), Nebraska (15.1%), Iowa (15.3%).
- Why is the latest year more than a year old?
- Lenders report a full calendar year of applications by March 1 of the next year, and the data is published after review. A new year usually appears in the spring or summer.
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and FFIEC, HMDA Data Browser · 2025 data