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Alaska Environment & Hazard Risk

1 county rated high or very high risk. 9,743 storm events since 1996, #45 among states.

Expected yearly loss
$941M
$1,286 per person
Storm events since 1996
9,743
Most often high wind
Flood insurance policies
2,707
$16.13M in claims paid
Superfund sites
9
48 toxic release facilities

Risk by county

FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first

CountyOverall riskTop hazardFlood policiesFlood claims paid
Anchorage MunicipalityHighEarthquake305$269K
Matanuska-Susitna BoroughModerateAvalanche195$2.18M
Kenai Peninsula BoroughModerateAvalanche288$689K
Fairbanks North Star BoroughModerateLandslide563$2.57M
Aleutians West Census AreaLowVolcanic activity--
Kodiak Island BoroughLowLandslide--
Yukon-Koyukuk Census AreaLowCold wave67$3.34M
Kusilvak Census AreaLowCold wave11$13.41K
Southeast Fairbanks Census AreaLowWildfire--
Northwest Arctic BoroughLowCold wave22$97.39K
Bethel Census AreaLowCold wave106$306K
Copper River Census AreaVery LowAvalanche--
Dillingham Census AreaVery LowCold wave--
Nome Census AreaVery LowCold wave25$1.52M
Denali BoroughVery LowAvalanche--
Sitka City and BoroughVery LowLandslide55$20.13K
Aleutians East BoroughVery LowVolcanic activity--
Chugach Census AreaVery LowLandslide28-
Petersburg BoroughVery LowLandslide24-
North Slope BoroughVery LowCold wave1$55.78K
Hoonah-Angoon Census AreaVery LowLandslide--
Juneau City and BoroughVery LowLandslide945$4.94M
Lake and Peninsula BoroughVery LowVolcanic activity--
Haines BoroughVery LowLandslide9-
Yakutat City and BoroughVery LowLandslide--
Ketchikan Gateway BoroughVery LowLandslide60$129K
Bristol Bay BoroughVery LowEarthquake--
Prince of Wales-Hyder Census AreaVery LowLandslide--
Skagway MunicipalityVery LowLandslide3-
Wrangell City and BoroughVery LowLandslide--

Costliest hazards

Expected annual loss in Alaska, all counties combined

  • Earthquake$664M/yr · 3 counties high
  • Cold wave$79.67M/yr · 7 counties high
  • Avalanche$60.95M/yr · 10 counties high
  • Tsunami$50.14M/yr
  • Wildfire$31.93M/yr
  • Landslide$11.71M/yr · 4 counties high
  • Winter weather$6.93M/yr · 7 counties high
  • Volcanic activity$4.32M/yr · 2 counties high
  • Lightning$1.26M/yr
  • Ice storm$220K/yr

Storm events by type

Since 1996: 100 deaths, $489M in property and crop damage

  • High Wind3,814
  • Blizzard1,981 · 7 deaths
  • Heavy Snow1,360 · 5 deaths
  • Winter Storm769 · 2 deaths
  • Flood501 · 2 deaths
  • Winter Weather197 · 5 deaths
  • Extreme Cold/Wind Chill172 · 3 deaths
  • Cold/Wind Chill157 · 3 deaths
  • Ice Storm128 · 5 deaths
  • Coastal Flood107 · 4 deaths
  • Avalanche81 · 44 deaths
  • Wildfire76

Events per year

Storm events per year in Alaska

Most damaging storms

Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage

  • Debris Flow11/21/2023

    Wrangell, Wrangell Channels Borough

    6 deaths, 1 injured, $1.6M damage

    What happened

    By the early evening as the front was moving eastward a landslide was reported near mile post 11 south of Wrangell along the Zimovia Highway, which blocked the road and cut power to residents on the other side of the slide. The landslide resulted in 6 people perishing and 3 homes being destroyed, one person survived as they were saved by search and rescue personnel. The area around the slide was evacuated and homes to the south of the slide were without power for multiple days. Supplies were brought to the cutoff homes via boat. ||Rain amounts around Wrangell were around 3 inches for 24 hours but half of that amount fell within 6 hours preceding the landslide being reported along with high wind gusts at a 900 foot weather station just west of Wrangell on Zarembo Island. There was another large landslide that came down on the next ridge to the east along the Middle Ridge forest service road. This blocked the road and a person had to spend the night in his car as the road was blocked in both directions.

  • Debris Flow12/02/2020

    Haines, Haines Borough Borough

    2 deaths, $20.3M damage

    What happened

    As the atmospheric river moved over the far north central inner channels of Southeast Alaska it produced significant amount of precipitation from December 1st-2nd. Heavy to moderate rainfall persisted over 48 hours with the highest amounts coming during the afternoon hours of December 1 through late morning of December 2nd. By mid morning on December 1st, near 2 of precipitation already fell. The snow levels were low at the start of the event with a few inches at sea level in Haines but as much as 12 was reported at 800 feet by the Haines40NW COOP and 20 at the 2500 foot Flower Mt SNOTEL site by the morning of December 1st. Closer to Haines, the Ripinski ridge weather station at 2560 feet reported an estimated snow accumulation of near 59 from before the warm air moved into the area. The snow level rose rapidly through the evening of December 1st to be above the mountain tops by the early morning hours of December 2nd. This warming at elevation melted the fresh snow that fell with Ripinkis Ridge losing close to 30 and Flower Mt losing near 20 by the afternoon of December 2nd. By the end of December 1st the Haines airport reported a 24 hour precipitation amount of 5.49 which was...

  • Debris Flow08/25/2024

    Ketchikan, Ketchikan Gateway Borough Borough

    1 death, 3 injured, $4M damage

    What happened

    Shortly after 1500AKST on August 25th the larger of two landslides crossed the 3rd Avenue Bypass, a state road which is one of two routes for local traffic to get across town. There were 2 city employees that were working to clear culverts in their vehicle as the landslide occurred and killed the driver and significantly injuring the other passenger. As the landslide progressed down the slope, it destroyed 5 houses, caused 2 additional injuries, and damage to other surrounding properties. The entire area around the slide was evacuated until the hillside was evaluated. The 3rd AVE Bypass was closed and produced major congestion due to summer tourism as there was only one main road to move through town and this made it difficult for emergency services to get around in a timely fashion.

  • Flash Flood07/11/2022

    Mentasta Lake, NE. Slopes of the Ern Ak Rng Borough

    $14M damage

    What happened

    Over 3 inches of rain caused significant rises in creeks draining the Alaska Range from the evening of July 10th. This caused minor damage to several bridges, specifically the ones over Boulder Creek, Lower Suzy Q Creek, Upper Suzy Q Creek, Falls Creek, Gunnysack Creek, and Darling Creek. The Bridge over Bear Creek received significant damage, the approach road being washed out completely. The Richardson highway was closed between MP 281 and MP 234 for over 48 hours. Flooding also damaged a fiber optic cable which resulted in communications disruptions across the Interior.

  • Coastal Flood10/12/2025

    Kuskokwim Delta Coast and Nunivak Island

    1 death, 1 injured

    What happened

    Storm surge from strong southwesterly onshore winds brought water levels to over 6 feet above the normal highest tide line along the Kuskokwim Delta coast during the morning high tide October 12. Water levels peaked in Kwigillingok at 6.3 ft above the normal highest tide line. This surge was more than twice the previous record of 3.1 ft set in 1990. The Kipnuk gage datum recorded water levels of 5.86 ft above the normal highest tide line before the instrument experienced an outage (the actual crest was likely higher). Houses floated off of their foundations in numerous communities including Nightmute, Chefornak, Kipnuk, Kwigillingok, Kongiganak, Tuntutuliak, and Quinhagak. In Kwigillingok, an estimated 37 homes drifted from their foundation, and a preliminary assessment indicates every home in the community was affected {by flooding}. Additionally, 24 people had to be rescued from two houses floating out to sea. In one instance reported on social media from Kipnuk, a house floated 5.5 miles from its original location. 121 homes were destroyed in Kipnuk, an estimated 90% of the community's homes. 17 houses were affected in Nightmute, with some drifting from their foundation. 2...

  • Winter Weather12/04/2024

    Matanuska Valley

    1 death, 1 injured

    What happened

    The Palmer ASOS Station (PAAQ) reported freezing rain between 6:00 AM to 11:30 AM AKST on December 5th. An NWS employee of the Alaska Region Headquarters reported that Big Lake was receiving a bout of freezing rain at 7:30 AM AKST December 5th. A fatal traffic accident was reported off the Parks Highway with State Troopers noting that weather was a major factor in the incident. The two vehicles involved in the incident were a Chevrolet Silverado pickup with two persons and a Toyota Sequia with one person. The male driver of the Chevrolet survived with serious injuries while the female passenger was declared deceased at the scene. Investigations revealed that the Chevrolet lost control on icy roads and collided with the Toyota Sequia in the early morning of December 5th. Freezing rain was falling and roads were still accruing ice at the start of the investigation. An article about the incident can be found here: https://www.countryjournal2020.com/2024/12/crash-kills-woman-on-knik-goose-bay.html.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

Storms whose track crossed the state, newest first

Flood insurance

National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims

2,707 homes in Alaska have flood insurance, about 1.1% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 1,399 of 2,841 homes (49%) are insured.

Flood claims paid per year in Alaska

Drinking water

407 community water systems serve about 700,482 people

Since 2021, 190 systems reported 1,062 health-based violations. 126 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:

Select a county above to see every system that serves it.

Climate in the largest cities

1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station

CityJuly highJan lowRainSnow
Anchorage67°F6°F22.6 in-
Fairbanks73°F-15°F13.0 in57.8 in
Juneau63°F27°F89.6 in-
Knik-Fairview67°F9°F17.7 in70.5 in
Badger71°F-17°F13.5 in53.1 in
College71°F-11°F13.3 in64.3 in
North Lakes67°F11°F18.8 in62.0 in
Kalifornsky66°F5°F21.6 in-

Pollution sites

9 Superfund sites and 48 toxic release facilities

Superfund sites

All 9 in Alaska

Largest toxic releases

All 48 in Alaska

Facilities in Alaska reported 841.8 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 387,055 lbs of it into the air.

Former Valdez-Cordova Census Area

Data published for the old census area

In 2019 the Valdez-Cordova Census Area was split into the Chugach and Copper River census areas. Some federal datasets still publish figures for the old area, so we show them here as published.

Source: FEMA NFIP flood insurance claims. Figures are for the old census area as a whole.

Frequently asked questions

What is the biggest natural hazard in Alaska?
By expected annual loss, earthquake costs the most in Alaska ($664M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
How many storms hit Alaska each year?
NOAA recorded 9,743 storm events in Alaska since 1996, about 314 a year. The most common type is high wind.
How many homes in Alaska have flood insurance?
2,707 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Alaska. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $16.13M on 770 claims here.
How many Superfund sites are in Alaska?
Alaska has 9 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.

Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.