Alaska Environment & Hazard Risk
1 county rated high or very high risk. 9,743 storm events since 1996, #45 among states.
- Expected yearly loss
- $941M
- $1,286 per person
- Storm events since 1996
- 9,743
- Most often high wind
- Flood insurance policies
- 2,707
- $16.13M in claims paid
- Superfund sites
- 9
- 48 toxic release facilities
Risk by county
FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first
| County | Overall risk | Top hazard | Flood policies | Flood claims paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anchorage Municipality | High | Earthquake | 305 | $269K |
| Matanuska-Susitna Borough | Moderate | Avalanche | 195 | $2.18M |
| Kenai Peninsula Borough | Moderate | Avalanche | 288 | $689K |
| Fairbanks North Star Borough | Moderate | Landslide | 563 | $2.57M |
| Aleutians West Census Area | Low | Volcanic activity | - | - |
| Kodiak Island Borough | Low | Landslide | - | - |
| Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area | Low | Cold wave | 67 | $3.34M |
| Kusilvak Census Area | Low | Cold wave | 11 | $13.41K |
| Southeast Fairbanks Census Area | Low | Wildfire | - | - |
| Northwest Arctic Borough | Low | Cold wave | 22 | $97.39K |
| Bethel Census Area | Low | Cold wave | 106 | $306K |
| Copper River Census Area | Very Low | Avalanche | - | - |
| Dillingham Census Area | Very Low | Cold wave | - | - |
| Nome Census Area | Very Low | Cold wave | 25 | $1.52M |
| Denali Borough | Very Low | Avalanche | - | - |
| Sitka City and Borough | Very Low | Landslide | 55 | $20.13K |
| Aleutians East Borough | Very Low | Volcanic activity | - | - |
| Chugach Census Area | Very Low | Landslide | 28 | - |
| Petersburg Borough | Very Low | Landslide | 24 | - |
| North Slope Borough | Very Low | Cold wave | 1 | $55.78K |
| Hoonah-Angoon Census Area | Very Low | Landslide | - | - |
| Juneau City and Borough | Very Low | Landslide | 945 | $4.94M |
| Lake and Peninsula Borough | Very Low | Volcanic activity | - | - |
| Haines Borough | Very Low | Landslide | 9 | - |
| Yakutat City and Borough | Very Low | Landslide | - | - |
| Ketchikan Gateway Borough | Very Low | Landslide | 60 | $129K |
| Bristol Bay Borough | Very Low | Earthquake | - | - |
| Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area | Very Low | Landslide | - | - |
| Skagway Municipality | Very Low | Landslide | 3 | - |
| Wrangell City and Borough | Very Low | Landslide | - | - |
Costliest hazards
Expected annual loss in Alaska, all counties combined
- Earthquake$664M/yr · 3 counties high
- Cold wave$79.67M/yr · 7 counties high
- Avalanche$60.95M/yr · 10 counties high
- Tsunami$50.14M/yr
- Wildfire$31.93M/yr
- Landslide$11.71M/yr · 4 counties high
- Winter weather$6.93M/yr · 7 counties high
- Volcanic activity$4.32M/yr · 2 counties high
- Lightning$1.26M/yr
- Ice storm$220K/yr
Storm events by type
Since 1996: 100 deaths, $489M in property and crop damage
- High Wind3,814
- Blizzard1,981 · 7 deaths
- Heavy Snow1,360 · 5 deaths
- Winter Storm769 · 2 deaths
- Flood501 · 2 deaths
- Winter Weather197 · 5 deaths
- Extreme Cold/Wind Chill172 · 3 deaths
- Cold/Wind Chill157 · 3 deaths
- Ice Storm128 · 5 deaths
- Coastal Flood107 · 4 deaths
- Avalanche81 · 44 deaths
- Wildfire76
Events per year
Most damaging storms
Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage
- Debris Flow11/21/2023
Wrangell, Wrangell Channels Borough
6 deaths, 1 injured, $1.6M damage
What happened
By the early evening as the front was moving eastward a landslide was reported near mile post 11 south of Wrangell along the Zimovia Highway, which blocked the road and cut power to residents on the other side of the slide. The landslide resulted in 6 people perishing and 3 homes being destroyed, one person survived as they were saved by search and rescue personnel. The area around the slide was evacuated and homes to the south of the slide were without power for multiple days. Supplies were brought to the cutoff homes via boat. ||Rain amounts around Wrangell were around 3 inches for 24 hours but half of that amount fell within 6 hours preceding the landslide being reported along with high wind gusts at a 900 foot weather station just west of Wrangell on Zarembo Island. There was another large landslide that came down on the next ridge to the east along the Middle Ridge forest service road. This blocked the road and a person had to spend the night in his car as the road was blocked in both directions.
- Debris Flow12/02/2020
Haines, Haines Borough Borough
2 deaths, $20.3M damage
What happened
As the atmospheric river moved over the far north central inner channels of Southeast Alaska it produced significant amount of precipitation from December 1st-2nd. Heavy to moderate rainfall persisted over 48 hours with the highest amounts coming during the afternoon hours of December 1 through late morning of December 2nd. By mid morning on December 1st, near 2 of precipitation already fell. The snow levels were low at the start of the event with a few inches at sea level in Haines but as much as 12 was reported at 800 feet by the Haines40NW COOP and 20 at the 2500 foot Flower Mt SNOTEL site by the morning of December 1st. Closer to Haines, the Ripinski ridge weather station at 2560 feet reported an estimated snow accumulation of near 59 from before the warm air moved into the area. The snow level rose rapidly through the evening of December 1st to be above the mountain tops by the early morning hours of December 2nd. This warming at elevation melted the fresh snow that fell with Ripinkis Ridge losing close to 30 and Flower Mt losing near 20 by the afternoon of December 2nd. By the end of December 1st the Haines airport reported a 24 hour precipitation amount of 5.49 which was...
- Debris Flow08/25/2024
Ketchikan, Ketchikan Gateway Borough Borough
1 death, 3 injured, $4M damage
What happened
Shortly after 1500AKST on August 25th the larger of two landslides crossed the 3rd Avenue Bypass, a state road which is one of two routes for local traffic to get across town. There were 2 city employees that were working to clear culverts in their vehicle as the landslide occurred and killed the driver and significantly injuring the other passenger. As the landslide progressed down the slope, it destroyed 5 houses, caused 2 additional injuries, and damage to other surrounding properties. The entire area around the slide was evacuated until the hillside was evaluated. The 3rd AVE Bypass was closed and produced major congestion due to summer tourism as there was only one main road to move through town and this made it difficult for emergency services to get around in a timely fashion.
- Flash Flood07/11/2022
Mentasta Lake, NE. Slopes of the Ern Ak Rng Borough
$14M damage
What happened
Over 3 inches of rain caused significant rises in creeks draining the Alaska Range from the evening of July 10th. This caused minor damage to several bridges, specifically the ones over Boulder Creek, Lower Suzy Q Creek, Upper Suzy Q Creek, Falls Creek, Gunnysack Creek, and Darling Creek. The Bridge over Bear Creek received significant damage, the approach road being washed out completely. The Richardson highway was closed between MP 281 and MP 234 for over 48 hours. Flooding also damaged a fiber optic cable which resulted in communications disruptions across the Interior.
- Coastal Flood10/12/2025
Kuskokwim Delta Coast and Nunivak Island
1 death, 1 injured
What happened
Storm surge from strong southwesterly onshore winds brought water levels to over 6 feet above the normal highest tide line along the Kuskokwim Delta coast during the morning high tide October 12. Water levels peaked in Kwigillingok at 6.3 ft above the normal highest tide line. This surge was more than twice the previous record of 3.1 ft set in 1990. The Kipnuk gage datum recorded water levels of 5.86 ft above the normal highest tide line before the instrument experienced an outage (the actual crest was likely higher). Houses floated off of their foundations in numerous communities including Nightmute, Chefornak, Kipnuk, Kwigillingok, Kongiganak, Tuntutuliak, and Quinhagak. In Kwigillingok, an estimated 37 homes drifted from their foundation, and a preliminary assessment indicates every home in the community was affected {by flooding}. Additionally, 24 people had to be rescued from two houses floating out to sea. In one instance reported on social media from Kipnuk, a house floated 5.5 miles from its original location. 121 homes were destroyed in Kipnuk, an estimated 90% of the community's homes. 17 houses were affected in Nightmute, with some drifting from their foundation. 2...
- Winter Weather12/04/2024
Matanuska Valley
1 death, 1 injured
What happened
The Palmer ASOS Station (PAAQ) reported freezing rain between 6:00 AM to 11:30 AM AKST on December 5th. An NWS employee of the Alaska Region Headquarters reported that Big Lake was receiving a bout of freezing rain at 7:30 AM AKST December 5th. A fatal traffic accident was reported off the Parks Highway with State Troopers noting that weather was a major factor in the incident. The two vehicles involved in the incident were a Chevrolet Silverado pickup with two persons and a Toyota Sequia with one person. The male driver of the Chevrolet survived with serious injuries while the female passenger was declared deceased at the scene. Investigations revealed that the Chevrolet lost control on icy roads and collided with the Toyota Sequia in the early morning of December 5th. Freezing rain was falling and roads were still accruing ice at the start of the investigation. An article about the incident can be found here: https://www.countryjournal2020.com/2024/12/crash-kills-woman-on-knik-goose-bay.html.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
Storms whose track crossed the state, newest first
- Hurricane Oho (2015)10/01/2015 · 957 mbCategory 2109 mph peak
Flood insurance
National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims
2,707 homes in Alaska have flood insurance, about 1.1% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 1,399 of 2,841 homes (49%) are insured.
Drinking water
407 community water systems serve about 700,482 people
Since 2021, 190 systems reported 1,062 health-based violations. 126 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:
- Kotzebue Mun. Water SystemServes 3,234 · Surface water · Native American44 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
- Kwethluk New Piped Water SystemServes 760 · Surface water · Native American43 health violations+334 monitoring or reporting
- Selawik Safewater FacilityServes 846 · Surface water · Native American30 health violations+172 monitoring or reporting
- Unalakleet City Water SupplyServes 757 · Groundwater · Native American30 health violations+83 monitoring or reporting
- Grayling Water SystemServes 207 · Surface water · Native American30 health violations+350 monitoring or reporting
- Buckland Water SystemServes 600 · Surface water · Native American29 health violations+100 monitoring or reporting
- Chalkyitsik Village WaterServes 76 · Surface water · Native American29 health violations+129 monitoring or reporting
- Kivalina Water SystemServes 452 · Surface water · Native American26 health violations+66 monitoring or reporting
Select a county above to see every system that serves it.
Climate in the largest cities
1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station
| City | July high | Jan low | Rain | Snow |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anchorage | 67°F | 6°F | 22.6 in | - |
| Fairbanks | 73°F | -15°F | 13.0 in | 57.8 in |
| Juneau | 63°F | 27°F | 89.6 in | - |
| Knik-Fairview | 67°F | 9°F | 17.7 in | 70.5 in |
| Badger | 71°F | -17°F | 13.5 in | 53.1 in |
| College | 71°F | -11°F | 13.3 in | 64.3 in |
| North Lakes | 67°F | 11°F | 18.8 in | 62.0 in |
| Kalifornsky | 66°F | 5°F | 21.6 in | - |
Pollution sites
9 Superfund sites and 48 toxic release facilities
Superfund sites
- Adak Naval Air StationFinal NPL Site, Adak
- Eielson Air Force BaseFinal NPL Site, Fairbanks
- Elmendorf Air Force BaseFinal NPL Site, Anchorage
- Fort Richardson (Usarmy)Final NPL Site, Anchorage
- Fort WainwrightFinal NPL Site, Fort Wainwright
- Salt Chuck MineFinal NPL Site, Thorne Bay
- Alaska Battery EnterprisesDeleted NPL Site, Fairbanks
- Arctic SurplusDeleted NPL Site, Fairbanks
Largest toxic releases
- Red Dog Operations723.9 million lbs, Kotzebue
- Hecla Greens Creek Mining Co87.6 million lbs, Juneau
- Fort Knox Mine17.6 million lbs, Fairbanks
- Pogo Mine8.4 million lbs, Delta Junction
- Coeur Alaska Inc Kensington Gold Project2.5 million lbs, Juneau
- Golden Valley Electric Assoc Healy Power Plant453,258 lbs, Healy
- US Dod Usaf Eielson AFB Ak341,548 lbs, Eielson AFB
- Doyon Utilities Ft Wainwright Ak197,831 lbs, Fort Wainwright
Facilities in Alaska reported 841.8 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 387,055 lbs of it into the air.
Former Valdez-Cordova Census Area
Data published for the old census area
In 2019 the Valdez-Cordova Census Area was split into the Chugach and Copper River census areas. Some federal datasets still publish figures for the old area, so we show them here as published.
Valdez-Cordova Census Area
Now part of Chugach Census Area and Copper River Census Area
- Flood insurance claims
- 8 claims, $68.03K paid (1981 to 2007)
Source: FEMA NFIP flood insurance claims. Figures are for the old census area as a whole.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the biggest natural hazard in Alaska?
- By expected annual loss, earthquake costs the most in Alaska ($664M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
- How many storms hit Alaska each year?
- NOAA recorded 9,743 storm events in Alaska since 1996, about 314 a year. The most common type is high wind.
- How many homes in Alaska have flood insurance?
- 2,707 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Alaska. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $16.13M on 770 claims here.
- How many Superfund sites are in Alaska?
- Alaska has 9 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.
Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.