Hawaii Environment & Hazard Risk
2 counties rated high or very high risk. 15,391 storm events since 1996, #38 among states.
- Expected yearly loss
- $1.1B
- $741 per person
- Storm events since 1996
- 15,391
- Most often high surf
- Flood insurance policies
- 11,829
- $167M in claims paid
- Superfund sites
- 4
- 36 toxic release facilities
Risk by county
FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first
| County | Overall risk | Top hazard | Flood policies | Flood claims paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Honolulu County | High | Lightning | 6,934 | $69.9M |
| Hawaii County | High | Volcanic activity | 1,215 | $23.4M |
| Maui County | Moderate | Volcanic activity | 2,033 | $26.1M |
| Kauai County | Moderate | Landslide | 1,647 | $47.7M |
| Kalawao County | Very Low | Earthquake | - | - |
Storm events by type
Since 1996: 178 deaths, $7B in property and crop damage
- High Surf9,299 · 45 deaths
- Heavy Rain2,157 · 6 deaths
- Drought1,685
- Flash Flood570 · 17 deaths
- High Wind471 · 1 death
- Flood294 · 1 death
- Wildfire283 · 103 deaths
- Strong Wind207 · 4 deaths
- Volcanic Ashfall72
- Funnel Cloud64
- Winter Storm43
- Thunderstorm Wind38 · 1 death
Events per year
Most damaging storms
Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage
- Wildfire08/08/2023
Maui Leeward West
102 deaths, 32 injured, $5.5B damage
What happened
A wildfire near Lahaina was reported at 6:40 am HST and was contained within 3 hours. Another fire was reported around 3:30pm and prompted evacuation orders by 4:30 pm. However, power lines downed by the damaging winds closed roads and restricted evacuation routes. Wildfire continued to spread rapidly and quickly became out of control. The Coast Guard rescued people entering the Pacific Ocean who were escaping the fire. They rescued seventeen people including two children and assisted forty survivors on shore. At around 11:52 pm the Hawaii National guard was deployed on Maui as wildfires continued to burn out of control. At 1:20 AM on August 9, over 14,000 customers were without power, and at 5:03 AM, the fire damaged much of the historic banyan tree that was imported to Maui in 1873 from India. At 9:25 am on August 9, over 2,100 people were seeking refuge in Maui shelters, a number that would increase throughout the month, reaching a peak of 8,000 in September. At 12:45 pm on August 9, more than 14,000 people were transported off Maui with another 14,500 waiting to be moved. The fire burned 2,170 acres and destroyed most of the historic town of Lahaina, including over 2,200...
- Flash Flood03/21/2026
Kawela Bay, Honolulu County
10 injured, $1B damage
What happened
At approximately 800 pm HST, a mesoscale convective system was observed moving over the Kauai Channel towards Oahu. At around 900 pm HST, this mesoscale convective system moved over the west side of Oahu, then the Northern half of Oahu, and began to deliver large amounts of heavy rain. Due to the slow moving nature of this weather system, enormous rain amounts accumulated in a very short time frame. At approximately 1000 pm HST, stream levels rose above flood thresholds and reservoirs filled up. From 1100 pm HST to 200 AM HST, a massive flood wave surged through the North Shore. Multiple roads became impassable across Northern Oahu, Haleiwa became completely cut off, and multiple homes and many cars got swept away in flood waters. Many homes and cars that were not washed away were heavily damaged beyond use or habitation. Businesses were also flooded, and an ambulance was reportedly lost due to the rising flood waters. With the help of police officers, the crew escaped the ambulance through the side window. There were over 200 rescues by first responders and residents, these rescues included rescues from police, fire, national guard, and lifeguards. 10 people were taken to the...
- Wildfire08/08/2023
South Maui/Upcountry
$54.6M damage
What happened
A brushfire erupted in Kula, burned 200 acres and prompted evacuations. Nineteen homes were reportedly destroyed by the wildfire. There were no known injuries or fatalities.
- Flash Flood03/28/2020
Princeville, Kauai County
$30.6M damage
What happened
Kuhio Highway was also closed near the Hanalei Bridge in northern Kauai as the Hanalei River overflowed its banks along the roadway. Later in the morning around 04:30 HST after heavy downpours, Kuhio Highway was closed in Wailua at the Wailua River in windward Kauai as debris piled up against the bridge crossing the waterway. Some homes and businesses in the area were also affected by flooding waters. There were no reports of significant injuries.
- Flash Flood03/10/2021
Princeville, Kauai County
$30.1M damage
What happened
Heavy rain caused the Hanalei River to overflow near the Hanalei Bridge, which then closed Kuhio Highway in that area. Other areas in northern Kauai were affected by downpours that caused debris flows unto roadways, near Princeville, Kilauea, and Wailoko. Other areas that had problems were near Lihue at Niumalu and Hulemalu roads, and in Kapaa where the Keapana Bridge became impassable.
- Heavy Rain02/27/2021
Waihee, Maui County
2 deaths
What happened
Two hikers went missing along the Waikamoi Trail in East Maui. As of this writing, the body of one hiker had been found, apparently swept out to sea over a waterfall in the area. The other hiker remained unaccounted for, but he likely perished as well.
Flood insurance
National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims
11,829 homes in Hawaii have flood insurance, about 3.9% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 7,309 of 8,317 homes (88%) are insured.
- Hurricane Iniki$35.5M · 1,040 claims
- 2026-03-KonaStorm$23.1M · 422 claims
- Flooding$7.7M · 514 claims
- Hurricane Lane$693K · 27 claims
- Hurricane Iselle$329K · 11 claims
- 2025 July West Coast Tsunami$86.5K · 3 claims
Drinking water
118 community water systems serve about 1,507,181 people
Since 2021, 3 systems reported 3 health-based violations. 8 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:
- Waialua Sugar Pump 2Serves 400 · Groundwater · Private1 health violation
- Keopu Water AssociationServes 250 · Purchased groundwater · Private1 health violation
- Villa RoseServes 30 · Groundwater · Private1 health violation
Select a county above to see every system that serves it.
Climate in the largest cities
1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station
| City | July high | Jan low | Rain | Snow |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Honolulu | 79°F | 63°F | 151.0 in | - |
| East Honolulu | 84°F | 65°F | 42.4 in | - |
| Hilo | 79°F | 61°F | 151.2 in | - |
| Pearl City | 88°F | 67°F | 16.4 in | - |
| Waipahu | 87°F | 62°F | 17.1 in | - |
| Kaneohe | 84°F | 66°F | 50.9 in | - |
| Kahului | 89°F | 64°F | 16.2 in | - |
| Mililani Town | 82°F | 61°F | 64.1 in | - |
Pollution sites
4 Superfund sites and 36 toxic release facilities
Superfund sites
- Del Monte Corp. (Oahu Plantation)Final NPL Site, Kunia
- Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area Master Station Eastern PacificFinal NPL Site, Wahiawa
- Pearl Harbor Naval ComplexFinal NPL Site, Pearl Harbor
- Schofield Barracks (Usarmy)Deleted NPL Site, Schofield
Largest toxic releases
- Hawaiian Electric Co Inc Kahe Generating Station691,132 lbs, Kapolei
- Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam Hawaii389,828 lbs, Jbphh
- Hawaiian Electric Co Inc Waiau Generating Station232,489 lbs, Pearl City
- Par Hawaii Refining LLC164,982 lbs, Kapolei
- Maui Electric Co Ltd Kahului Generating Station160,099 lbs, Kahului
- US Marine Corps Base Hawaii Kaneohe Bay111,170 lbs, Mcbh Kaneohe Bay
- Hill Generating Station97,022 lbs, Hilo
- Maui Electric Co Ltd Maalaea Generating Station79,559 lbs, Kihei
Facilities in Hawaii reported 2.2 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 1.6 million lbs of it into the air.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the biggest natural hazard in Hawaii?
- By expected annual loss, earthquake costs the most in Hawaii ($247M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
- How many storms hit Hawaii each year?
- NOAA recorded 15,391 storm events in Hawaii since 1996, about 496 a year. The most common type is high surf.
- How many hurricanes have hit Hawaii?
- Hawaii has had 1 hurricane landfall since 1851, including 1 major hurricanes of Category 3 or stronger.
- How many homes in Hawaii have flood insurance?
- 11,829 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Hawaii. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $167M on 6,183 claims here.
- How many Superfund sites are in Hawaii?
- Hawaii has 4 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.
Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.