District of Columbia Environment & Hazard Risk
1 county rated high or very high risk. 949 storm events since 1996, #52 among states.
- Expected yearly loss
- $292M
- $425 per person
- Storm events since 1996
- 949
- Most often thunderstorm wind
- Flood insurance policies
- 1,443
- $5.55M in claims paid
- Superfund sites
- 1
- 10 toxic release facilities
Risk by county
FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first
| County | Overall risk | Top hazard | Flood policies | Flood claims paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| District of Columbia | High | Heat wave | 1,443 | $5.55M |
Costliest hazards
Expected annual loss in District of Columbia, all counties combined
- Earthquake$61.06M/yr · 1 county high
- Heat wave$39.7M/yr · 1 county high
- Hurricane$28.61M/yr · 1 county high
- Cold wave$10.53M/yr · 1 county high
- Tornado$7.48M/yr · 1 county high
- Strong wind$5.82M/yr · 1 county high
- Hail$4.16M/yr · 1 county high
- Lightning$2.34M/yr · 1 county high
- Coastal flooding$1.53M/yr
- Winter weather$946K/yr · 1 county high
Storm events by type
Since 1996: 16 deaths, $188M in property and crop damage
- Thunderstorm Wind303 · 2 deaths
- Flash Flood118
- Winter Weather88
- Flood82
- Coastal Flood67
- Heat54 · 8 deaths
- Dense Fog32
- Hail30
- Strong Wind28
- Winter Storm28 · 1 death
- Excessive Heat20
- High Wind15
Events per year
Most damaging storms
Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage
- Excessive Heat07/04/2026
District of Columbia
322 injured
What happened
The ASOS at Washington Reagan National Airport, KDCA, measured a peak heat index of 108. Approximately 322 people were treated for heat-related illnesses across the National Mall on Independence Day. The ASOS at DCA also observed a high temperature of 103F, which set the record for hottest Independence Day on record in Washington DC.
- Excessive Heat07/03/2026
District of Columbia
252 injured
What happened
The ASOS at Washington Reagan National Airport, KDCA, measured a peak heat index of 112. Approximately 240 people were treated for heat-related illnesses at medical tents inside the Great American State Fair grounds on the National Mall. DC Fire & EMS have transported 12 additional patients to area hospitals.
- Lightning08/05/2022
Lincoln Memorial, District of Columbia County
3 deaths
What happened
Three people were killed and another suffered life-threatening injuries when they were struck by lightning in Lafayette Park across the street from The White House. A couple (76-year-old male, 75-year-old female) and an unrelated (29-year-old male) succumbed to their injuries from the lightning strike the next day.
- Thunderstorm Wind73 kt wind07/29/2023
Georgetown, District of Columbia County
2 injured, $20M damage
What happened
A wind gust of 73 knots (84 MPH) was measured by a mesonet at the George Washington University Mount Vernon Campus (1855W). Thousands of trees, branches, wires and poles blew down in Palisades, Wesley Heights, Cathedral Heights, Woodley Park, Observatory Circle, Foxhall Village, Adams Morgan, Cleveland Park, and DuPont Circle, including dozens onto cars, homes and businesses. Several apartment buildings lost their roof, including along Wisconsin Avenue Northwest; other homes particularly in the Wesley Heights neighborhood suffered roof and siding damage from the wind. A large tree blew down onto an SUV on Foxhall Road Northwest, injuring two occupants. The National Zoo was closed for a couple of days due to dozens of trees and large branches that blew down in the park. Massachusetts Avenue Northwest, Canal Road Northwest, Arizona Avenue Northwest, Chain Bridge Road Northwest, Lowell Street Northwest, and Loughboro Road Northwest remained closed for several days due to fallen trees, wires, and storm debris.
- Thunderstorm Wind55 kt wind07/01/2021
US Capitol, District of Columbia County
5 injured, $250K damage
What happened
There were a few dozen calls for trees blown down in DC. Five people were injured when a five story dwelling under construction collapsed in the 900 block of Kennedy Street Northwest; one person was trapped and later freed. A large tree blew down onto eastbound Massachusetts Avenue Northeast near 10th Street Northeast.
- Thunderstorm Wind61 kt wind07/29/2023
National Arboretum, District of Columbia County
$5M damage
What happened
Dozens of trees, branches and wires blew down in Columbia Heights, Petworth, Fort Totten, Michigan Park, University Heights, Brookland, Brentwood, and Trinidad. A large tree blew down onto a residence on Queen Street Northeast, displacing a dozen residents.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
Storms whose track crossed the state, newest first
- Unnamed storm (1934)09/01/1934 · Landfall: NCTropical storm52 mph peak
Flood insurance
National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims
1,443 homes in District of Columbia have flood insurance, about 1.1% of residential buildings.
- Flooding$373K · 10 claims
- Hurricane Irene$24.92K · 7 claims
- Hurricane Sandy$17.12K · 6 claims
- Hurricane Ida$8,866 · 1 claim
- Tropical Storm Ophelia$7,076 · 3 claims
- Tropical Storm Bill$0 · 1 claim
Drinking water
4 community water systems serve about 669,534 people
Since 2021, 2 systems reported 5 health-based violations. These had the most:
- Naval Station Washington - WnyServes 16,800 · Purchased surface water · Federal3 health violations+7 monitoring or reporting
- Joint Base Anacostia - BollingServes 20,411 · Purchased surface water · Federal2 health violations+25 monitoring or reporting
Select a county above to see every system that serves it.
Climate in the largest cities
1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station
| City | July high | Jan low | Rain | Snow |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Washington | 90°F | 28°F | 45.6 in | 9.7 in |
Pollution sites
1 Superfund site and 10 toxic release facilities
Largest toxic releases
- US Army Corps of Engineers Mcmillan WTP Washington Aqueduc21,048 lbs, Washington
- Fort Totten Ready Mix Concrete737 lbs, Washington
- US Department of the Treasury-Bureau of Engraving & Printing347 lbs, Washington
- US Army Corps of Engineers Dalecarlia WTP182 lbs, Washington
- US Secret Service60.3 lbs, Washington
- Fort Myer Construction Plant 248.6 lbs, Washington
- Fort Myer Construction Plant 19 lbs, Washington
- Virginia Concrete Queens Chapel Plant0 lbs, Washington
Facilities in District of Columbia reported 22,432 lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 246 lbs of it into the air.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the biggest natural hazard in District of Columbia?
- By expected annual loss, earthquake costs the most in District of Columbia ($61.06M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
- How many storms hit District of Columbia each year?
- NOAA recorded 949 storm events in District of Columbia since 1996, about 31 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
- How many homes in District of Columbia have flood insurance?
- 1,443 residential flood insurance policies are in force in District of Columbia. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $5.55M on 501 claims here.
- How many Superfund sites are in District of Columbia?
- District of Columbia has 1 Superfund site on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.
Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.