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District of Columbia Environment & Hazard Risk

1 county rated high or very high risk. 949 storm events since 1996, #52 among states.

Expected yearly loss
$292M
$425 per person
Storm events since 1996
949
Most often thunderstorm wind
Flood insurance policies
1,443
$5.55M in claims paid
Superfund sites
1
10 toxic release facilities

Risk by county

FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first

CountyOverall riskTop hazardFlood policiesFlood claims paid
District of ColumbiaHighHeat wave1,443$5.55M

Costliest hazards

Expected annual loss in District of Columbia, all counties combined

  • Earthquake$61.06M/yr · 1 county high
  • Heat wave$39.7M/yr · 1 county high
  • Hurricane$28.61M/yr · 1 county high
  • Cold wave$10.53M/yr · 1 county high
  • Tornado$7.48M/yr · 1 county high
  • Strong wind$5.82M/yr · 1 county high
  • Hail$4.16M/yr · 1 county high
  • Lightning$2.34M/yr · 1 county high
  • Coastal flooding$1.53M/yr
  • Winter weather$946K/yr · 1 county high

Storm events by type

Since 1996: 16 deaths, $188M in property and crop damage

  • Thunderstorm Wind303 · 2 deaths
  • Flash Flood118
  • Winter Weather88
  • Flood82
  • Coastal Flood67
  • Heat54 · 8 deaths
  • Dense Fog32
  • Hail30
  • Strong Wind28
  • Winter Storm28 · 1 death
  • Excessive Heat20
  • High Wind15

Events per year

Storm events per year in District of Columbia

Most damaging storms

Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage

  • Excessive Heat07/04/2026

    District of Columbia

    322 injured

    What happened

    The ASOS at Washington Reagan National Airport, KDCA, measured a peak heat index of 108. Approximately 322 people were treated for heat-related illnesses across the National Mall on Independence Day. The ASOS at DCA also observed a high temperature of 103F, which set the record for hottest Independence Day on record in Washington DC.

  • Excessive Heat07/03/2026

    District of Columbia

    252 injured

    What happened

    The ASOS at Washington Reagan National Airport, KDCA, measured a peak heat index of 112. Approximately 240 people were treated for heat-related illnesses at medical tents inside the Great American State Fair grounds on the National Mall. DC Fire & EMS have transported 12 additional patients to area hospitals.

  • Lightning08/05/2022

    Lincoln Memorial, District of Columbia County

    3 deaths

    What happened

    Three people were killed and another suffered life-threatening injuries when they were struck by lightning in Lafayette Park across the street from The White House. A couple (76-year-old male, 75-year-old female) and an unrelated (29-year-old male) succumbed to their injuries from the lightning strike the next day.

  • Thunderstorm Wind73 kt wind07/29/2023

    Georgetown, District of Columbia County

    2 injured, $20M damage

    What happened

    A wind gust of 73 knots (84 MPH) was measured by a mesonet at the George Washington University Mount Vernon Campus (1855W). Thousands of trees, branches, wires and poles blew down in Palisades, Wesley Heights, Cathedral Heights, Woodley Park, Observatory Circle, Foxhall Village, Adams Morgan, Cleveland Park, and DuPont Circle, including dozens onto cars, homes and businesses. Several apartment buildings lost their roof, including along Wisconsin Avenue Northwest; other homes particularly in the Wesley Heights neighborhood suffered roof and siding damage from the wind. A large tree blew down onto an SUV on Foxhall Road Northwest, injuring two occupants. The National Zoo was closed for a couple of days due to dozens of trees and large branches that blew down in the park. Massachusetts Avenue Northwest, Canal Road Northwest, Arizona Avenue Northwest, Chain Bridge Road Northwest, Lowell Street Northwest, and Loughboro Road Northwest remained closed for several days due to fallen trees, wires, and storm debris.

  • Thunderstorm Wind55 kt wind07/01/2021

    US Capitol, District of Columbia County

    5 injured, $250K damage

    What happened

    There were a few dozen calls for trees blown down in DC. Five people were injured when a five story dwelling under construction collapsed in the 900 block of Kennedy Street Northwest; one person was trapped and later freed. A large tree blew down onto eastbound Massachusetts Avenue Northeast near 10th Street Northeast.

  • Thunderstorm Wind61 kt wind07/29/2023

    National Arboretum, District of Columbia County

    $5M damage

    What happened

    Dozens of trees, branches and wires blew down in Columbia Heights, Petworth, Fort Totten, Michigan Park, University Heights, Brookland, Brentwood, and Trinidad. A large tree blew down onto a residence on Queen Street Northeast, displacing a dozen residents.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

Storms whose track crossed the state, newest first

Flood insurance

National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims

1,443 homes in District of Columbia have flood insurance, about 1.1% of residential buildings.

Flood claims paid per year in District of Columbia
  • Flooding$373K · 10 claims
  • Hurricane Irene$24.92K · 7 claims
  • Hurricane Sandy$17.12K · 6 claims
  • Hurricane Ida$8,866 · 1 claim
  • Tropical Storm Ophelia$7,076 · 3 claims
  • Tropical Storm Bill$0 · 1 claim

Drinking water

4 community water systems serve about 669,534 people

Since 2021, 2 systems reported 5 health-based violations. These had the most:

Select a county above to see every system that serves it.

Climate in the largest cities

1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station

CityJuly highJan lowRainSnow
Washington90°F28°F45.6 in9.7 in

Pollution sites

1 Superfund site and 10 toxic release facilities

Facilities in District of Columbia reported 22,432 lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 246 lbs of it into the air.

Frequently asked questions

What is the biggest natural hazard in District of Columbia?
By expected annual loss, earthquake costs the most in District of Columbia ($61.06M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
How many storms hit District of Columbia each year?
NOAA recorded 949 storm events in District of Columbia since 1996, about 31 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
How many homes in District of Columbia have flood insurance?
1,443 residential flood insurance policies are in force in District of Columbia. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $5.55M on 501 claims here.
How many Superfund sites are in District of Columbia?
District of Columbia has 1 Superfund site on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.

Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.