Skip to content

Virginia Environment & Hazard Risk

1 county rated high or very high risk. 55,255 storm events since 1996, #7 among states.

Expected yearly loss
$1.98B
$230 per person
Storm events since 1996
55,255
Most often thunderstorm wind
Flood insurance policies
72,514
$763M in claims paid
Superfund sites
35
410 toxic release facilities

Risk by county

FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first

CountyOverall riskTop hazardFlood policiesFlood claims paid
Fairfax CountyHighWinter weather3,582$16.49M
Chesterfield CountyModerateEarthquake702$3.61M
Henrico CountyModerateEarthquake782$4.23M
Prince William CountyModerateHeat wave935$5.83M
Norfolk cityModerateHurricane8,261$69.07M
Accomack CountyModerateCoastal flooding2,660$12.6M
Chesapeake cityLowHurricane6,474$27.28M
Richmond cityLowEarthquake351$11.85M
Albemarle CountyLowStrong wind170$1.31M
Loudoun CountyLowHeat wave544$2.05M
Rockingham CountyLowLandslide272$4.47M
Alexandria cityLowStrong wind991$7.19M
Roanoke cityLowStrong wind225$20.2M
Newport News cityLowHurricane1,418$23.92M
Augusta CountyLowLandslide191$3M
Danville cityLowHurricane39$4.96M
Arlington CountyLowHeat wave716$1.94M
Stafford CountyLowStrong wind377$1.36M
Pittsylvania CountyLowHurricane21$431K
Henry CountyLowLandslide44$2.49M
Hampton cityLowHurricane8,195$73.69M
Tazewell CountyLowLandslide144$7.63M
Suffolk cityLowDrought762$5.2M
Shenandoah CountyLowLandslide98$5.68M
Virginia Beach cityLowHeat wave14,810$104M
Smyth CountyLowCold wave134$1.22M
Lee CountyLowLandslide32$733K
Mecklenburg CountyLowDrought42$72.4K
Portsmouth cityLowHurricane3,057$20.04M
Hanover CountyLowDrought176$625K
James City CountyLowDrought853$6.38M
Spotsylvania CountyLowLightning249$163K
Roanoke CountyLowLandslide265$6.63M
Bedford CountyLowHurricane109$216K
Buchanan CountyLowLandslide119$4.57M
Wise CountyLowLandslide154$2.67M
Lynchburg cityLowStrong wind45$4.08M
Wythe CountyLowCold wave94$387K
Fauquier CountyLowLightning138$175K
Montgomery CountyLowLandslide148$3.23M
Halifax CountyLowDrought13$2.34M
Washington CountyLowLandslide122$1.67M
Culpeper CountyLowDrought40$722K
Pulaski CountyLowLandslide74$2.68M
Carroll CountyLowLandslide28$239K
Frederick CountyLowLandslide94$552K
York CountyLowHurricane2,493$33.96M
Northampton CountyLowDrought350$1.13M
Franklin CountyVery LowLandslide62$647K
Scott CountyVery LowLandslide51$395K
Northumberland CountyVery LowDrought517$6.93M
Alleghany CountyVery LowStrong wind115$2.9M
Isle of Wight CountyVery LowDrought300$5.31M
Page CountyVery LowHurricane103$3.59M
Westmoreland CountyVery LowHurricane345$6.53M
Russell CountyVery LowLandslide42$441K
Nelson CountyVery LowLandslide51$238K
Rockbridge CountyVery LowLandslide105$5.13M
Prince Edward CountyVery LowDrought13$461K
Lancaster CountyVery LowDrought446$5.85M
Louisa CountyVery LowHurricane1$36.48K
Campbell CountyVery LowLightning27$415K
Warren CountyVery LowLandslide136$6.78M
Southampton CountyVery LowDrought137$3.5M
Nottoway CountyVery LowDrought4$2,599
Brunswick CountyVery LowDrought6$34.71K
Harrisonburg cityVery LowHurricane57$762K
Orange CountyVery LowDrought69$279K
Grayson CountyVery LowLandslide17$11.4K
Charlottesville cityVery LowStrong wind73$287K
Middlesex CountyVery LowHurricane291$3.22M
Gloucester CountyVery LowHurricane1,317$30.93M
Powhatan CountyVery LowDrought41$4,867
Amherst CountyVery LowHurricane40$756K
Patrick CountyVery LowLandslide12$1.06M
Caroline CountyVery LowHurricane59$42.23K
Lunenburg CountyVery LowDrought3-
Cumberland CountyVery LowDrought8$302K
Dinwiddie CountyVery LowDrought25$85.45K
Buckingham CountyVery LowDrought4$58.02K
Salem cityVery LowHurricane135$18.85M
Essex CountyVery LowDrought169$5.91M
Botetourt CountyVery LowLandslide137$3.74M
Dickenson CountyVery LowLandslide19$514K
Greensville CountyVery LowDrought7$38.81K
Charlotte CountyVery LowDrought1$1,709
Hopewell cityVery LowHurricane21$171K
Petersburg cityVery LowHurricane100$2.25M
Winchester cityVery LowHurricane69$101K
Manassas cityVery LowHurricane43$119K
Giles CountyVery LowLandslide89$1.76M
King and Queen CountyVery LowDrought42$645K
Goochland CountyVery LowEarthquake46$157K
New Kent CountyVery LowDrought97$598K
Prince George CountyVery LowDrought67$322K
Fluvanna CountyVery LowHurricane36$277K
Sussex CountyVery LowDrought37$144K
Bland CountyVery LowLandslide43$950K
King George CountyVery LowHurricane41$91.38K
Mathews CountyVery LowCoastal flooding1,109$20.46M
Amelia CountyVery LowDrought5$123K
Staunton cityVery LowHurricane71$786K
Richmond CountyVery LowDrought59$1.32M
Waynesboro cityVery LowHurricane85$5.99M
Covington cityVery LowStrong wind57$1.92M
Martinsville cityVery LowEarthquake--
Charles City CountyVery LowDrought17$60.93K
Greene CountyVery LowHurricane50$231K
Fredericksburg cityVery LowLightning72$259K
Bristol cityVery LowEarthquake14$128K
Madison CountyVery LowHurricane30$128K
King William CountyVery LowDrought64$2.37M
Franklin cityVery LowHurricane20$4.98M
Clarke CountyVery LowDrought47$541K
Rappahannock CountyVery LowDrought31$16.79K
Galax cityVery LowCold wave-$3,227
Floyd CountyVery LowLandslide12$725K
Craig CountyVery LowLandslide35$1.3M
Colonial Heights cityVery LowHurricane44$1.21M
Bath CountyVery LowLandslide20$144K
Fairfax cityVery LowHurricane130$940K
Appomattox CountyVery LowHurricane7$256K
Emporia cityVery LowHurricane18$34.37K
Manassas Park cityVery LowHurricane12$9,145
Surry CountyVery LowDrought32$2.66M
Lexington cityVery LowHurricane10$253K
Buena Vista cityVery LowHurricane20$3.99M
Radford cityVery LowEarthquake11$493K
Highland CountyVery LowLandslide16$54.99K
Williamsburg cityVery LowHurricane32$84.43K
Poquoson cityVery LowCoastal flooding2,936$72.89M
Falls Church cityVery LowHurricane156$472K
Norton cityVery LowLandslide23$303K

Costliest hazards

Expected annual loss in Virginia, all counties combined

  • Hurricane$212M/yr · 1 county high
  • Earthquake$99.57M/yr
  • Tornado$84.64M/yr
  • Heat wave$84.06M/yr · 1 county high
  • Strong wind$78.99M/yr · 10 counties high
  • Drought$76.4M/yr · 20 counties high
  • Cold wave$76.26M/yr · 2 counties high
  • Lightning$40.51M/yr · 8 counties high
  • Coastal flooding$32.33M/yr · 2 counties high
  • Hail$23.21M/yr · 1 county high

Storm events by type

Since 1996: 220 deaths, $3.32B in property and crop damage

  • Thunderstorm Wind18,872 · 32 deaths
  • Hail5,552 · 1 death
  • Winter Weather4,745 · 14 deaths
  • Flash Flood4,362 · 43 deaths
  • Winter Storm3,802 · 12 deaths
  • Flood3,465 · 20 deaths
  • Heavy Rain2,513
  • Dense Fog1,707 · 4 deaths
  • High Wind1,618 · 11 deaths
  • Heavy Snow1,232 · 4 deaths
  • Frost/Freeze1,143
  • Heat1,068 · 9 deaths

Events per year

Storm events per year in Virginia

Most damaging storms

Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage

  • Flash Flood09/27/2024

    Konnarock, Washington County

    $120M damage

    What happened

    Large event that began with roads blocked by flooding. Water quickly began encroaching into low-lying structures and residences especially in and near Damascus during late morning, especially along Laurel Creek, which runs through town. Evacuations and water rescues were underway before noon EDT (11 am EST). Laurel Creek rose five feet in an hour, from near 9.75 feet to near 14.75 feet from 10:30 am to 11:30 am EDT (9:30 to 10:30 am EST). Gage was destroyed when its bridge collapsed, but probably after measuring near 17 feet at 12:15 pm EDT (11:15 am EST). The river continued to rise probably another foot or two. Residents continued calling 911 due to flooding of homes and roads through midafternoon, with some of the structures being destroyed. Water rescues continued. There is conjecture that the bridge with the stream gage, located upstream from town, was partially dammed by debris, and when the bridge collapsed, it contributed to a secondary rapid rise in Damascus. A mudslide occurred behind a residence during the early evening. Damaged estimates include $15 million in agriculture, $4 million on destroyed dwellings, $1 million on various expenses, and $100 million to repair...

  • High Wind56 kt wind09/27/2024

    Grayson

    1 death, 3 injured, $75.5M damage

    What happened

    Numerous trees were downed countywide by high winds associated with the remnants of Hurricane Helene, many of which fell into fences, structures, and roads, and resulted in several roads being blocked and many power outages. By late morning on Friday, over 10,700 customers were without power in the area. A 65 mph wind gust was recorded approximately four miles west of the town of Rugby at 7:40 AM. Agriculture damage totaled around $60 million across the county, and forestry damage totaled around $15 million. Christmas tree growers lost $281,250 and the dead trees will result in an additional $281,250 annually through 2031. The high winds also caused damage to agriculture structures on several farms. One male passed away after losing his home. Three minor injuries were reported during the storm.

  • Flash Flood09/27/2024

    Whitetop, Grayson County

    1 death, $61M damage

    What happened

    Considerable to catastrophic flash flooding occurred across Grayson County. This included at least 200 bridges or culverts that were completely washed out, making the roads impassible. Five large pipes were washed out in the county: three on Route 783 (Helton Creek Lane) and two on Route 749 (Cabin Creek).

  • Thunderstorm Wind80 kt wind07/26/2022

    Hampton Rds, Norfolk city

    $50M damage

    What happened

    Five helicopters where flipped on their side with propeller and roof damage near Norfolk Naval Air Station. This was likely caused by a gustnado with winds estimated to be between 90 to 95 miles per hour.

  • Lightning07/15/2017

    Chesapeake, Chesapeake city

    3 deaths, 6 injured, $1M damage

    What happened

    Lightning strike caused a deadly fire at the Chesapeake Senior Living Complex. The fire killed three people and injured six others. There were 68 units that were damaged beyond repair.

  • High Wind50 kt wind09/27/2024

    Smyth

    $36.2M damage

    What happened

    Trees were downed countywide by high winds associated with the remnants of Hurricane Helene, with the greatest concentration of damage in the Saltville area. By 2 PM EDT on Friday, over 12,100 customers were without power throughout the county. Agricultural losses totaled over $18 million, including losses to crops, as well as structure and facility damage.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

Storms whose track crossed the state, newest first

Flood insurance

National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims

72,514 homes in Virginia have flood insurance, about 2.7% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 40,517 of 40,669 homes (100%) are insured.

Flood claims paid per year in Virginia
  • Hurricane Isabel$224M · 11,073 claims
  • November 2009 Nor'easter$103M · 6,284 claims
  • Hurricane Matthew$72.12M · 2,299 claims
  • Flooding$54.77M · 4,429 claims
  • Hurricane Irene$33.43M · 2,656 claims
  • Tropical Storm Ernesto$22.95M · 1,375 claims

Drinking water

1,056 community water systems serve about 7,442,593 people

Since 2021, 93 systems reported 355 health-based violations. 65 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:

  • Bowling Green, Town ofServes 1,233 · Groundwater · Local government23 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
  • Rescue WaterworksServes 203 · Groundwater · Private21 health violations+1 monitoring or reporting
  • Brookmont AreaServes 100 · Purchased surface water · Local government21 health violations+8 monitoring or reporting
  • Deer RunServes 104 · Groundwater · Private20 health violations+2 monitoring or reporting
  • Woodstock, Town ofServes 5,955 · Surface water · Local government16 health violations+4 monitoring or reporting
  • Willing Workers ClubServes 31 · Groundwater · Private12 health violations+59 monitoring or reporting
  • Emporia, City ofServes 7,594 · Surface water · Local government11 health violations+1 monitoring or reporting
  • Lawrenceville, Town ofServes 4,806 · Surface water · Local government9 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting

Select a county above to see every system that serves it.

Climate in the largest cities

1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station

CityJuly highJan lowRainSnow
Virginia Beach87°F32°F46.6 in3.4 in
Chesapeake93°F34°F48.6 in-
Arlington88°F26°F48.5 in5.8 in
Norfolk88°F32°F53.3 in-
Richmond90°F29°F45.5 in8.8 in
Newport News88°F31°F45.1 in-
Alexandria90°F30°F41.8 in13.7 in
Hampton87°F32°F47.8 in2.7 in

Pollution sites

35 Superfund sites and 410 toxic release facilities

Superfund sites

All 35 in Virginia

Largest toxic releases

All 410 in Virginia

Facilities in Virginia reported 31.4 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 12.2 million lbs of it into the air.

Frequently asked questions

What is the biggest natural hazard in Virginia?
By expected annual loss, hurricane costs the most in Virginia ($212M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
How many storms hit Virginia each year?
NOAA recorded 55,255 storm events in Virginia since 1996, about 1,782 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
How many homes in Virginia have flood insurance?
72,514 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Virginia. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $763M on 50,040 claims here.
How many Superfund sites are in Virginia?
Virginia has 35 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.

Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.