Virginia Environment & Hazard Risk
1 county rated high or very high risk. 55,255 storm events since 1996, #7 among states.
- Expected yearly loss
- $1.98B
- $230 per person
- Storm events since 1996
- 55,255
- Most often thunderstorm wind
- Flood insurance policies
- 72,514
- $763M in claims paid
- Superfund sites
- 35
- 410 toxic release facilities
Risk by county
FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first
| County | Overall risk | Top hazard | Flood policies | Flood claims paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fairfax County | High | Winter weather | 3,582 | $16.49M |
| Chesterfield County | Moderate | Earthquake | 702 | $3.61M |
| Henrico County | Moderate | Earthquake | 782 | $4.23M |
| Prince William County | Moderate | Heat wave | 935 | $5.83M |
| Norfolk city | Moderate | Hurricane | 8,261 | $69.07M |
| Accomack County | Moderate | Coastal flooding | 2,660 | $12.6M |
| Chesapeake city | Low | Hurricane | 6,474 | $27.28M |
| Richmond city | Low | Earthquake | 351 | $11.85M |
| Albemarle County | Low | Strong wind | 170 | $1.31M |
| Loudoun County | Low | Heat wave | 544 | $2.05M |
| Rockingham County | Low | Landslide | 272 | $4.47M |
| Alexandria city | Low | Strong wind | 991 | $7.19M |
| Roanoke city | Low | Strong wind | 225 | $20.2M |
| Newport News city | Low | Hurricane | 1,418 | $23.92M |
| Augusta County | Low | Landslide | 191 | $3M |
| Danville city | Low | Hurricane | 39 | $4.96M |
| Arlington County | Low | Heat wave | 716 | $1.94M |
| Stafford County | Low | Strong wind | 377 | $1.36M |
| Pittsylvania County | Low | Hurricane | 21 | $431K |
| Henry County | Low | Landslide | 44 | $2.49M |
| Hampton city | Low | Hurricane | 8,195 | $73.69M |
| Tazewell County | Low | Landslide | 144 | $7.63M |
| Suffolk city | Low | Drought | 762 | $5.2M |
| Shenandoah County | Low | Landslide | 98 | $5.68M |
| Virginia Beach city | Low | Heat wave | 14,810 | $104M |
| Smyth County | Low | Cold wave | 134 | $1.22M |
| Lee County | Low | Landslide | 32 | $733K |
| Mecklenburg County | Low | Drought | 42 | $72.4K |
| Portsmouth city | Low | Hurricane | 3,057 | $20.04M |
| Hanover County | Low | Drought | 176 | $625K |
| James City County | Low | Drought | 853 | $6.38M |
| Spotsylvania County | Low | Lightning | 249 | $163K |
| Roanoke County | Low | Landslide | 265 | $6.63M |
| Bedford County | Low | Hurricane | 109 | $216K |
| Buchanan County | Low | Landslide | 119 | $4.57M |
| Wise County | Low | Landslide | 154 | $2.67M |
| Lynchburg city | Low | Strong wind | 45 | $4.08M |
| Wythe County | Low | Cold wave | 94 | $387K |
| Fauquier County | Low | Lightning | 138 | $175K |
| Montgomery County | Low | Landslide | 148 | $3.23M |
| Halifax County | Low | Drought | 13 | $2.34M |
| Washington County | Low | Landslide | 122 | $1.67M |
| Culpeper County | Low | Drought | 40 | $722K |
| Pulaski County | Low | Landslide | 74 | $2.68M |
| Carroll County | Low | Landslide | 28 | $239K |
| Frederick County | Low | Landslide | 94 | $552K |
| York County | Low | Hurricane | 2,493 | $33.96M |
| Northampton County | Low | Drought | 350 | $1.13M |
| Franklin County | Very Low | Landslide | 62 | $647K |
| Scott County | Very Low | Landslide | 51 | $395K |
| Northumberland County | Very Low | Drought | 517 | $6.93M |
| Alleghany County | Very Low | Strong wind | 115 | $2.9M |
| Isle of Wight County | Very Low | Drought | 300 | $5.31M |
| Page County | Very Low | Hurricane | 103 | $3.59M |
| Westmoreland County | Very Low | Hurricane | 345 | $6.53M |
| Russell County | Very Low | Landslide | 42 | $441K |
| Nelson County | Very Low | Landslide | 51 | $238K |
| Rockbridge County | Very Low | Landslide | 105 | $5.13M |
| Prince Edward County | Very Low | Drought | 13 | $461K |
| Lancaster County | Very Low | Drought | 446 | $5.85M |
| Louisa County | Very Low | Hurricane | 1 | $36.48K |
| Campbell County | Very Low | Lightning | 27 | $415K |
| Warren County | Very Low | Landslide | 136 | $6.78M |
| Southampton County | Very Low | Drought | 137 | $3.5M |
| Nottoway County | Very Low | Drought | 4 | $2,599 |
| Brunswick County | Very Low | Drought | 6 | $34.71K |
| Harrisonburg city | Very Low | Hurricane | 57 | $762K |
| Orange County | Very Low | Drought | 69 | $279K |
| Grayson County | Very Low | Landslide | 17 | $11.4K |
| Charlottesville city | Very Low | Strong wind | 73 | $287K |
| Middlesex County | Very Low | Hurricane | 291 | $3.22M |
| Gloucester County | Very Low | Hurricane | 1,317 | $30.93M |
| Powhatan County | Very Low | Drought | 41 | $4,867 |
| Amherst County | Very Low | Hurricane | 40 | $756K |
| Patrick County | Very Low | Landslide | 12 | $1.06M |
| Caroline County | Very Low | Hurricane | 59 | $42.23K |
| Lunenburg County | Very Low | Drought | 3 | - |
| Cumberland County | Very Low | Drought | 8 | $302K |
| Dinwiddie County | Very Low | Drought | 25 | $85.45K |
| Buckingham County | Very Low | Drought | 4 | $58.02K |
| Salem city | Very Low | Hurricane | 135 | $18.85M |
| Essex County | Very Low | Drought | 169 | $5.91M |
| Botetourt County | Very Low | Landslide | 137 | $3.74M |
| Dickenson County | Very Low | Landslide | 19 | $514K |
| Greensville County | Very Low | Drought | 7 | $38.81K |
| Charlotte County | Very Low | Drought | 1 | $1,709 |
| Hopewell city | Very Low | Hurricane | 21 | $171K |
| Petersburg city | Very Low | Hurricane | 100 | $2.25M |
| Winchester city | Very Low | Hurricane | 69 | $101K |
| Manassas city | Very Low | Hurricane | 43 | $119K |
| Giles County | Very Low | Landslide | 89 | $1.76M |
| King and Queen County | Very Low | Drought | 42 | $645K |
| Goochland County | Very Low | Earthquake | 46 | $157K |
| New Kent County | Very Low | Drought | 97 | $598K |
| Prince George County | Very Low | Drought | 67 | $322K |
| Fluvanna County | Very Low | Hurricane | 36 | $277K |
| Sussex County | Very Low | Drought | 37 | $144K |
| Bland County | Very Low | Landslide | 43 | $950K |
| King George County | Very Low | Hurricane | 41 | $91.38K |
| Mathews County | Very Low | Coastal flooding | 1,109 | $20.46M |
| Amelia County | Very Low | Drought | 5 | $123K |
| Staunton city | Very Low | Hurricane | 71 | $786K |
| Richmond County | Very Low | Drought | 59 | $1.32M |
| Waynesboro city | Very Low | Hurricane | 85 | $5.99M |
| Covington city | Very Low | Strong wind | 57 | $1.92M |
| Martinsville city | Very Low | Earthquake | - | - |
| Charles City County | Very Low | Drought | 17 | $60.93K |
| Greene County | Very Low | Hurricane | 50 | $231K |
| Fredericksburg city | Very Low | Lightning | 72 | $259K |
| Bristol city | Very Low | Earthquake | 14 | $128K |
| Madison County | Very Low | Hurricane | 30 | $128K |
| King William County | Very Low | Drought | 64 | $2.37M |
| Franklin city | Very Low | Hurricane | 20 | $4.98M |
| Clarke County | Very Low | Drought | 47 | $541K |
| Rappahannock County | Very Low | Drought | 31 | $16.79K |
| Galax city | Very Low | Cold wave | - | $3,227 |
| Floyd County | Very Low | Landslide | 12 | $725K |
| Craig County | Very Low | Landslide | 35 | $1.3M |
| Colonial Heights city | Very Low | Hurricane | 44 | $1.21M |
| Bath County | Very Low | Landslide | 20 | $144K |
| Fairfax city | Very Low | Hurricane | 130 | $940K |
| Appomattox County | Very Low | Hurricane | 7 | $256K |
| Emporia city | Very Low | Hurricane | 18 | $34.37K |
| Manassas Park city | Very Low | Hurricane | 12 | $9,145 |
| Surry County | Very Low | Drought | 32 | $2.66M |
| Lexington city | Very Low | Hurricane | 10 | $253K |
| Buena Vista city | Very Low | Hurricane | 20 | $3.99M |
| Radford city | Very Low | Earthquake | 11 | $493K |
| Highland County | Very Low | Landslide | 16 | $54.99K |
| Williamsburg city | Very Low | Hurricane | 32 | $84.43K |
| Poquoson city | Very Low | Coastal flooding | 2,936 | $72.89M |
| Falls Church city | Very Low | Hurricane | 156 | $472K |
| Norton city | Very Low | Landslide | 23 | $303K |
Costliest hazards
Expected annual loss in Virginia, all counties combined
- Hurricane$212M/yr · 1 county high
- Earthquake$99.57M/yr
- Tornado$84.64M/yr
- Heat wave$84.06M/yr · 1 county high
- Strong wind$78.99M/yr · 10 counties high
- Drought$76.4M/yr · 20 counties high
- Cold wave$76.26M/yr · 2 counties high
- Lightning$40.51M/yr · 8 counties high
- Coastal flooding$32.33M/yr · 2 counties high
- Hail$23.21M/yr · 1 county high
Storm events by type
Since 1996: 220 deaths, $3.32B in property and crop damage
- Thunderstorm Wind18,872 · 32 deaths
- Hail5,552 · 1 death
- Winter Weather4,745 · 14 deaths
- Flash Flood4,362 · 43 deaths
- Winter Storm3,802 · 12 deaths
- Flood3,465 · 20 deaths
- Heavy Rain2,513
- Dense Fog1,707 · 4 deaths
- High Wind1,618 · 11 deaths
- Heavy Snow1,232 · 4 deaths
- Frost/Freeze1,143
- Heat1,068 · 9 deaths
Events per year
Most damaging storms
Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage
- Flash Flood09/27/2024
Konnarock, Washington County
$120M damage
What happened
Large event that began with roads blocked by flooding. Water quickly began encroaching into low-lying structures and residences especially in and near Damascus during late morning, especially along Laurel Creek, which runs through town. Evacuations and water rescues were underway before noon EDT (11 am EST). Laurel Creek rose five feet in an hour, from near 9.75 feet to near 14.75 feet from 10:30 am to 11:30 am EDT (9:30 to 10:30 am EST). Gage was destroyed when its bridge collapsed, but probably after measuring near 17 feet at 12:15 pm EDT (11:15 am EST). The river continued to rise probably another foot or two. Residents continued calling 911 due to flooding of homes and roads through midafternoon, with some of the structures being destroyed. Water rescues continued. There is conjecture that the bridge with the stream gage, located upstream from town, was partially dammed by debris, and when the bridge collapsed, it contributed to a secondary rapid rise in Damascus. A mudslide occurred behind a residence during the early evening. Damaged estimates include $15 million in agriculture, $4 million on destroyed dwellings, $1 million on various expenses, and $100 million to repair...
- High Wind56 kt wind09/27/2024
Grayson
1 death, 3 injured, $75.5M damage
What happened
Numerous trees were downed countywide by high winds associated with the remnants of Hurricane Helene, many of which fell into fences, structures, and roads, and resulted in several roads being blocked and many power outages. By late morning on Friday, over 10,700 customers were without power in the area. A 65 mph wind gust was recorded approximately four miles west of the town of Rugby at 7:40 AM. Agriculture damage totaled around $60 million across the county, and forestry damage totaled around $15 million. Christmas tree growers lost $281,250 and the dead trees will result in an additional $281,250 annually through 2031. The high winds also caused damage to agriculture structures on several farms. One male passed away after losing his home. Three minor injuries were reported during the storm.
- Flash Flood09/27/2024
Whitetop, Grayson County
1 death, $61M damage
What happened
Considerable to catastrophic flash flooding occurred across Grayson County. This included at least 200 bridges or culverts that were completely washed out, making the roads impassible. Five large pipes were washed out in the county: three on Route 783 (Helton Creek Lane) and two on Route 749 (Cabin Creek).
- Thunderstorm Wind80 kt wind07/26/2022
Hampton Rds, Norfolk city
$50M damage
What happened
Five helicopters where flipped on their side with propeller and roof damage near Norfolk Naval Air Station. This was likely caused by a gustnado with winds estimated to be between 90 to 95 miles per hour.
- Lightning07/15/2017
Chesapeake, Chesapeake city
3 deaths, 6 injured, $1M damage
What happened
Lightning strike caused a deadly fire at the Chesapeake Senior Living Complex. The fire killed three people and injured six others. There were 68 units that were damaged beyond repair.
- High Wind50 kt wind09/27/2024
Smyth
$36.2M damage
What happened
Trees were downed countywide by high winds associated with the remnants of Hurricane Helene, with the greatest concentration of damage in the Saltville area. By 2 PM EDT on Friday, over 12,100 customers were without power throughout the county. Agricultural losses totaled over $18 million, including losses to crops, as well as structure and facility damage.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
Storms whose track crossed the state, newest first
- Tropical Storm Chantal (2025)07/04/2025 · Landfall: SC · 1,002 mbTropical storm58 mph peak
- Hurricane Debby (2024)08/02/2024 · Landfall: FL, SC · 979 mbCategory 181 mph peak
- Tropical Storm Ophelia (2023)09/21/2023 · Landfall: NC · 981 mbTropical storm69 mph peak
- Hurricane Ida (2021)08/26/2021 · Landfall: LA · 929 mbCategory 4150 mph peak
- Tropical Storm Fred (2021)08/10/2021 · Landfall: FL · 991 mbTropical storm63 mph peak
- Hurricane Elsa (2021)07/01/2021 · Landfall: FL, NY, RI · 991 mbCategory 186 mph peak
- Hurricane Zeta (2020)10/24/2020 · Landfall: LA · 970 mbCategory 3115 mph peak
- Hurricane Isaias (2020)07/28/2020 · Landfall: NC · 986 mbCategory 192 mph peak
- Tropical Storm Bertha (2020)05/27/2020 · Landfall: SC · 1,005 mbTropical storm52 mph peak
- Tropical Storm Nestor (2019)10/17/2019 · 996 mbTropical storm58 mph peak
Flood insurance
National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims
72,514 homes in Virginia have flood insurance, about 2.7% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 40,517 of 40,669 homes (100%) are insured.
- Hurricane Isabel$224M · 11,073 claims
- November 2009 Nor'easter$103M · 6,284 claims
- Hurricane Matthew$72.12M · 2,299 claims
- Flooding$54.77M · 4,429 claims
- Hurricane Irene$33.43M · 2,656 claims
- Tropical Storm Ernesto$22.95M · 1,375 claims
Drinking water
1,056 community water systems serve about 7,442,593 people
Since 2021, 93 systems reported 355 health-based violations. 65 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:
- Bowling Green, Town ofServes 1,233 · Groundwater · Local government23 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
- Rescue WaterworksServes 203 · Groundwater · Private21 health violations+1 monitoring or reporting
- Brookmont AreaServes 100 · Purchased surface water · Local government21 health violations+8 monitoring or reporting
- Deer RunServes 104 · Groundwater · Private20 health violations+2 monitoring or reporting
- Woodstock, Town ofServes 5,955 · Surface water · Local government16 health violations+4 monitoring or reporting
- Willing Workers ClubServes 31 · Groundwater · Private12 health violations+59 monitoring or reporting
- Emporia, City ofServes 7,594 · Surface water · Local government11 health violations+1 monitoring or reporting
- Lawrenceville, Town ofServes 4,806 · Surface water · Local government9 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
Select a county above to see every system that serves it.
Climate in the largest cities
1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station
| City | July high | Jan low | Rain | Snow |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virginia Beach | 87°F | 32°F | 46.6 in | 3.4 in |
| Chesapeake | 93°F | 34°F | 48.6 in | - |
| Arlington | 88°F | 26°F | 48.5 in | 5.8 in |
| Norfolk | 88°F | 32°F | 53.3 in | - |
| Richmond | 90°F | 29°F | 45.5 in | 8.8 in |
| Newport News | 88°F | 31°F | 45.1 in | - |
| Alexandria | 90°F | 30°F | 41.8 in | 13.7 in |
| Hampton | 87°F | 32°F | 47.8 in | 2.7 in |
Pollution sites
35 Superfund sites and 410 toxic release facilities
Superfund sites
- Abex Corp.Final NPL Site, Portsmouth
- Arrowhead Associates, Inc./Scovill Corp.Final NPL Site, Montross
- Atlantic Wood Industries, Inc.Final NPL Site, Portsmouth
- Avtex Fibers, Inc.Final NPL Site, Front Royal
- Buckingham County LandfillFinal NPL Site, Buckingham
- Chisman CreekFinal NPL Site, York County
- Culpeper Wood Preservers, Inc.Final NPL Site, Culpeper
- Defense General Supply Center (Dla)Final NPL Site, Chesterfield County
Largest toxic releases
- U.S. Army Radford Army Ammunition Plant11.3 million lbs, Radford
- Westrock Virginia Corp2.2 million lbs, Covington
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients GP1.5 million lbs, Hopewell
- Jewell Coke Co LP1.3 million lbs, Oakwood
- International Paper Franklin Mill1.3 million lbs, Franklin
- Advansix Inc Hopewell Plant1.0 million lbs, Hopewell
- Westrock CP LLC1.0 million lbs, West Point
- Griffin Pipe Products Co937,055 lbs, Lynchburg
Facilities in Virginia reported 31.4 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 12.2 million lbs of it into the air.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the biggest natural hazard in Virginia?
- By expected annual loss, hurricane costs the most in Virginia ($212M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
- How many storms hit Virginia each year?
- NOAA recorded 55,255 storm events in Virginia since 1996, about 1,782 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
- How many homes in Virginia have flood insurance?
- 72,514 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Virginia. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $763M on 50,040 claims here.
- How many Superfund sites are in Virginia?
- Virginia has 35 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.
Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.