South Carolina Environment & Hazard Risk
4 counties rated high or very high risk. 29,101 storm events since 1996, #29 among states.
- Expected yearly loss
- $2.99B
- $584 per person
- Storm events since 1996
- 29,101
- Most often thunderstorm wind
- Flood insurance policies
- 121,413
- $1.03B in claims paid
- Superfund sites
- 34
- 565 toxic release facilities
Risk by county
FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first
| County | Overall risk | Top hazard | Flood policies | Flood claims paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charleston County | High | Coastal flooding | 46,856 | $312M |
| Horry County | High | Hurricane | 20,388 | $338M |
| Beaufort County | High | Hurricane | 28,198 | $80.82M |
| Berkeley County | High | Hurricane | 5,749 | $8.77M |
| Greenville County | Moderate | Ice storm | 1,013 | $14.73M |
| Dorchester County | Moderate | Earthquake | 2,718 | $16.87M |
| Richland County | Moderate | Ice storm | 1,764 | $60.46M |
| Georgetown County | Moderate | Hurricane | 5,655 | $115M |
| Lexington County | Moderate | Tornado | 1,311 | $14.24M |
| Spartanburg County | Moderate | Ice storm | 224 | $2.6M |
| Florence County | Moderate | Hurricane | 432 | $7.02M |
| York County | Moderate | Ice storm | 383 | $651K |
| Orangeburg County | Moderate | Earthquake | 187 | $3.48M |
| Anderson County | Moderate | Cold wave | 118 | $927K |
| Oconee County | Moderate | Cold wave | 63 | $179K |
| Colleton County | Moderate | Hurricane | 1,583 | $7.24M |
| Dillon County | Moderate | Hurricane | 91 | $4.89M |
| Aiken County | Moderate | Ice storm | 486 | $211K |
| Williamsburg County | Moderate | Hurricane | 97 | $3.36M |
| Sumter County | Moderate | Hurricane | 512 | $7.65M |
| Marion County | Low | Hurricane | 277 | $21.51M |
| Lancaster County | Low | Ice storm | 155 | $514K |
| Jasper County | Low | Hurricane | 1,831 | $2.6M |
| Pickens County | Low | Ice storm | 128 | $1.66M |
| Clarendon County | Low | Hurricane | 74 | $550K |
| Laurens County | Low | Cold wave | 49 | $563K |
| Chesterfield County | Low | Hurricane | 18 | $166K |
| Greenwood County | Low | Cold wave | 74 | $773K |
| Darlington County | Low | Hurricane | 84 | $1.57M |
| Cherokee County | Low | Ice storm | 23 | $46.08K |
| Kershaw County | Low | Strong wind | 275 | $973K |
| Hampton County | Low | Hurricane | 78 | $249K |
| Newberry County | Low | Ice storm | 106 | $281K |
| Union County | Low | Ice storm | 1 | $40.52K |
| Marlboro County | Low | Ice storm | 30 | $418K |
| Bamberg County | Low | Hurricane | 23 | $1.7M |
| Barnwell County | Low | Hurricane | 7 | $40.54K |
| Abbeville County | Low | Ice storm | 9 | $27.58K |
| Chester County | Low | Ice storm | 20 | $88.55K |
| Fairfield County | Very Low | Ice storm | 175 | $964K |
| Saluda County | Very Low | Hurricane | 36 | $28.74K |
| Lee County | Very Low | Hurricane | 15 | $183K |
| Allendale County | Very Low | Hurricane | 5 | $282K |
| Calhoun County | Very Low | Hurricane | 13 | $9,562 |
| Edgefield County | Very Low | Ice storm | 37 | $366K |
| McCormick County | Very Low | Hurricane | 42 | $88.14K |
Costliest hazards
Expected annual loss in South Carolina, all counties combined
- Hurricane$1.19B/yr · 15 counties high
- Earthquake$374M/yr · 1 county high
- Tornado$202M/yr · 7 counties high
- Cold wave$152M/yr · 7 counties high
- Coastal flooding$57.2M/yr · 4 counties high
- Heat wave$53.93M/yr
- Strong wind$48.32M/yr · 14 counties high
- Ice storm$41.72M/yr · 29 counties high
- Lightning$36.35M/yr · 20 counties high
- Hail$20.87M/yr
Storm events by type
Since 1996: 289 deaths, $2.42B in property and crop damage
- Thunderstorm Wind14,242 · 22 deaths
- Hail5,717
- Flash Flood1,798 · 27 deaths
- Drought831
- Tornado817 · 20 deaths
- Winter Weather670 · 2 deaths
- Strong Wind618 · 16 deaths
- Lightning519 · 22 deaths
- Winter Storm441 · 3 deaths
- Flood424 · 4 deaths
- Tropical Storm417 · 39 deaths
- Heavy Snow393 · 3 deaths
Events per year
Most damaging storms
Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage
- Tropical Storm09/27/2024
Aiken
10 deaths, $56M damage
What happened
Widespread tree and power line damage throughout the county. Falling trees caused damage to structures across the county. At least 1323 homes sustained some level of damage including 35 destroyed and 326 with major damage. South Carolina Forestry estimated 4.3 million dollars in timber loss. Most of the county was without power for an extended period of time. Many roads were closed, some for an extended period. NWS storm survey estimated maximum wind gusts around between 80-100 mph based on how widespread the damage was, especially near the Savannah River. A mesonet site in the town of Aiken recorded a max sustained wind of 48 mph and max gust of 72 mph. Areas of flooding occurred with two day rainfall totals generally around 4 to 7 inches. Maximum observed rainfall was from Aiken COOP which measured 7.36 inches of rain. Four direct fatalities occurred when trees fell of homes, however, seven additional indirect fatalities attributed to medical emergencies that occurred during power outages and a house fire started by a candle.
- TornadoEF3, 14.7 mi path, 1,000 yd wide04/13/2020
Oakway, Oconee County
1 death, 5 injured, $100M damage
What happened
NWS Storm Survey found the path of a strong EF3 tornado that began across southern Oconee County, just south of Westminster along Retreat Rd and W Oak Highway. As the tornado moved northeast, damage was largely confined to uprooted and snapped trees as it crossed Highway 11, Brown Farm Rd, and the Coneross Creek drainage before moving into the southwest side of Seneca. The tornado intensified rapidly after crossing S Radio Station Rd. A house on Return Church Rd experienced complete structural collapse, which combined with surrounding vegetation damage of numerous trees snapped and/or debarked was suggestive of strong EF3 damage, or 160 mph peak wind gusts. The tornado maintained EF3 intensity as it continued northeast, destroying a significant portion of a manufacturing facility Between Return Church Rd and Wells Highway. A 77-year-old male employee was killed inside the facility. Four other employees received mostly minor injuries. At least strong EF2 damage continued as the tornado approached the center of Seneca, with numerous homes receiving minor to severe damage, including EF3 damage to at least one house on Ploma Dr. The tornado rapidly weakened as it continued...
- TornadoEF4, 23.73 mi path, 1,300 yd wide04/13/2020
Estill Muni Arpt, Hampton County
5 deaths, 60 injured
What happened
A National Weather Service Storm Survey Team confirmed an EF-4 tornado with an estimated maximum wind speed of 175 mph in central Hampton County. ||The tornado began just north of Collie Road, approximately 3 miles west-northwest of Scotia, South Carolina, snapping and uprooting trees and causing damage to the Federal Correctional Institution of Estill along its northeast track. The tornado then continued northeast, crossing over Highway 321 near the intersection with County Road S-25-35 before gaining strength and causing substantial damage. Beyond this point, the unusually long track and wide tornado damaged and destroyed many residences, including mobile and single family homes along its entire path. A few automobiles were also tossed/rolled 50 to 75 yards from their original locations. In addition, the tornado reached a maximum width of about 0.75 mile, causing extensive damage to thousands of trees and numerous power lines. At times, the damage pattern suggested that the tornado may have consisted of multiple vortices, which can occur in stronger tornadoes.||The most significant structural damage occurred just south of Estill, South Carolina and across Nixville, South...
- Tropical Storm09/27/2024
Edgefield
$91.7M damage
What happened
Widespread damage to trees and power lines across the county leading to widespread and extended road closures. Most of the county was without power for an extended period of time. Falling trees caused damage to structures across the county. At least 240 homes sustained some level of damage including 11 destroyed and 65 with major damage. South Carolina Forestry estimated 24 million dollars in timber loss. A RAWS site in Sumter National Forest along Hwy 378 recorded a max wind gust of 52 mph. NWS storm survey estimated that max wind gusts were around 90 to 100 mph based on the extent of damage, especially near the Savannah River. Areas of flooding, especially in the northern part of the county where two CoCoRaHS gages recorded two rainfall totals exceeding 13 inches (max was 13.17 inches).
- Tropical Storm09/27/2024
Newberry
5 deaths, $22.6M damage
What happened
Widespread trees and power lines downed. Many roads closed, some for an extended period of time. Large sections of the county were without power. Falling trees damaged numerous structures across the county. At least 128 homes sustained some level of damage including 10 destroyed and 41 with major damage. South Carolina Forestry estimated 1.4 million dollars in timber loss. A maximum wind gust of 32 knots (37 mph) was measured at Newberry County Airport before the site stopped reporting. NWS analysis estimated that maximum gusts were between 70-90 mph. Ten homes were destroyed with over one hundred structures damaged by falling trees and wind. Two individuals were killed when a tree fell on their vehicle. In addition, three indirect fatalities occurred. Flooding occurred in areas across the county with numerous observations of between 5 to 7 inches of rainfall total. Highest measurement came from a CoCoRaHS gage near Whitmire which measured 7.17 inches of rain.
- Tropical Storm09/27/2024
Saluda
3 deaths, $37.1M damage
What happened
Widespread damage to trees and power lines. Many roads closed, some for extended periods of time. Large sections of the county without power for an extended period. Falling trees caused damage to structures across the county. At least 269 homes sustained some level of damage including 23 destroyed and 90 with major damage. South Carolina Forestry estimated 4.2 million dollars in timber loss. An NWS storm survey estimated that max wind gusts were between 80 to 90 mph based on the extent and severity of damage. Three fatalities occurred, including two firefighters responding to a call who died when a tree fell on their truck. Areas of flooding occurred with two day rainfall totals generally between 5 to 7 inches. The maximum measured two day rainfall was 7.12 inches from a CoCoRaHS gage along Hwy 378 near the Lexington County line.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
25 hurricane landfalls since 1851, 4 of them major (Category 3+)
- Tropical Storm Chantal (2025)07/04/2025 · Landfall: SC · 1,002 mbTropical storm58 mph peak
- Hurricane Debby (2024)08/02/2024 · Landfall: FL, SC · 979 mbCategory 181 mph peak
- Hurricane Idalia (2023)08/26/2023 · Landfall: FL · 942 mbCategory 4132 mph peak
- Hurricane Ian (2022)09/23/2022 · Landfall: FL, SC · 937 mbCategory 5161 mph peak
- Tropical Storm Colin (2022)07/02/2022 · Landfall: SC · 1,011 mbTropical storm40 mph peak
- Hurricane Elsa (2021)07/01/2021 · Landfall: FL, NY, RI · 991 mbCategory 186 mph peak
- Tropical Storm Danny (2021)06/28/2021 · Landfall: SC · 1,009 mbTropical storm46 mph peak
- Tropical Storm Claudette (2021)06/18/2021 · Landfall: LA · 1,003 mbTropical storm46 mph peak
- Hurricane Sally (2020)09/12/2020 · Landfall: FL, AL · 965 mbCategory 2109 mph peak
- Tropical Storm Fay (2020)07/05/2020 · Landfall: NJ · 998 mbTropical storm58 mph peak
Flood insurance
National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims
121,413 homes in South Carolina have flood insurance, about 6.1% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 66,329 of 78,001 homes (85%) are insured.
- Hurricane Hugo$358M · 14,661 claims
- Hurricane Matthew$167M · 6,992 claims
- October severe storms$142M · 5,273 claims
- Hurricane Florence$105M · 1,403 claims
- Hurricane Irma$55.94M · 2,358 claims
- Hurricane Ian$43.84M · 1,073 claims
Drinking water
559 community water systems serve about 4,778,679 people
Since 2021, 80 systems reported 152 health-based violations. 100 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:
- Lockhart Town of (Sc4420010)Serves 496 · Purchased surface water · Local government10 health violations
- Sandy Run Mhp (Sc0860037)Serves 41 · Groundwater · Private9 health violations+1 monitoring or reporting
- Cheraw Town of (Sc1310001)Serves 6,325 · Surface water · Local government8 health violations
- Aiken City of (Sc0210001)Serves 51,533 · Surface water · Local government6 health violations
- Carlisle Town of (4410003)Serves 555 · Purchased surface water · Local government6 health violations
- Dewees Utilities (Sc1050011)Serves 55 · Groundwater · Private6 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
- Mccormick Co W&sa (Sc3520002)Serves 8,500 · Purchased surface water · Local government5 health violations
- Bucksport Water Company (Sc2620003)Serves 17,123 · Groundwater · Private4 health violations+1 monitoring or reporting
Select a county above to see every system that serves it.
Climate in the largest cities
1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station
| City | July high | Jan low | Rain | Snow |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charleston | 88°F | 44°F | 44.3 in | - |
| Columbia | 93°F | 33°F | 46.3 in | 0.4 in |
| North Charleston | 90°F | 35°F | 52.7 in | - |
| Mount Pleasant | 91°F | 37°F | 51.6 in | - |
| Rock Hill | 91°F | 33°F | 42.6 in | - |
| Greenville | 87°F | 30°F | 50.7 in | - |
| Goose Creek | 91°F | 39°F | 52.5 in | 0.3 in |
| Sumter | 90°F | 33°F | 48.8 in | 0.3 in |
Pollution sites
34 Superfund sites and 565 toxic release facilities
Superfund sites
- Aqua-Tech Environmental Inc (Groce Labs)Final NPL Site, Greer
- Barite Hill/Nevada GoldfieldsFinal NPL Site, Mccormick
- Beaunit Corp. (Circular Knit & Dyeing Plant)Final NPL Site, Fountain Inn
- Brewer Gold MineFinal NPL Site, Jefferson
- Burlington Industries CherawFinal NPL Site, Cheraw
- Carolawn, Inc.Final NPL Site, Fort Lawn
- Clearwater FinishingFinal NPL Site, Beech Island
- Elmore Waste DisposalFinal NPL Site, Greer
Largest toxic releases
- Oceanagold Haile Gold Mine4.6 million lbs, Kershaw
- Nucor Steel-Berkeley2.9 million lbs, Huger
- International Paper Georgetown Mill2.7 million lbs, Georgetown
- Sylvamo Eastover Mill1.9 million lbs, Eastover
- Cross Generating Station1.6 million lbs, Pineville
- New-Indy Catawba LLC1.6 million lbs, Catawba
- Domtar Paper Co1.2 million lbs, Bennettsville
- Si Group Inc977,711 lbs, Orangeburg
Facilities in South Carolina reported 34.8 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 16.9 million lbs of it into the air.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the biggest natural hazard in South Carolina?
- By expected annual loss, hurricane costs the most in South Carolina ($1.19B a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
- How many storms hit South Carolina each year?
- NOAA recorded 29,101 storm events in South Carolina since 1996, about 939 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
- How many hurricanes have hit South Carolina?
- South Carolina has had 25 hurricane landfalls since 1851, including 4 major hurricanes of Category 3 or stronger.
- How many homes in South Carolina have flood insurance?
- 121,413 residential flood insurance policies are in force in South Carolina. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $1.03B on 49,301 claims here.
- How many Superfund sites are in South Carolina?
- South Carolina has 34 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.
Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.