Montana Environment & Hazard Risk
0 counties rated high or very high risk. 34,276 storm events since 1996, #26 among states.
- Expected yearly loss
- $792M
- $732 per person
- Storm events since 1996
- 34,276
- Most often high wind
- Flood insurance policies
- 3,070
- $19M in claims paid
- Superfund sites
- 19
- 61 toxic release facilities
Risk by county
FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first
| County | Overall risk | Top hazard | Flood policies | Flood claims paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flathead County | Moderate | Avalanche | 372 | $690K |
| Yellowstone County | Moderate | Winter weather | 233 | $2.3M |
| Cascade County | Moderate | Winter weather | 246 | $855K |
| Gallatin County | Moderate | Winter weather | 323 | $340K |
| Ravalli County | Low | Wildfire | 91 | $115K |
| Missoula County | Low | Wildfire | 215 | $973K |
| Lewis and Clark County | Low | Winter weather | 176 | $432K |
| Lake County | Low | Winter weather | 30 | $20.3K |
| Park County | Low | Avalanche | 95 | $3.3M |
| Lincoln County | Low | Wildfire | 51 | $447K |
| Dawson County | Low | Cold wave | 4 | $145K |
| Carbon County | Low | Landslide | 65 | $2.7M |
| Big Horn County | Low | Strong wind | 6 | $245K |
| Roosevelt County | Low | Cold wave | 7 | $65.1K |
| Richland County | Low | Cold wave | 12 | $94.8K |
| Glacier County | Low | Cold wave | 1 | $32.2K |
| Hill County | Low | Cold wave | 9 | $55.5K |
| Rosebud County | Low | Wildfire | 4 | $15.5K |
| Sanders County | Low | Landslide | 26 | $223K |
| Blaine County | Low | Cold wave | 13 | $69.1K |
| Fergus County | Low | Winter weather | 32 | $244K |
| Beaverhead County | Low | Avalanche | 33 | $2,464 |
| Custer County | Very Low | Cold wave | 687 | $400K |
| Madison County | Very Low | Avalanche | 46 | $26.1K |
| Chouteau County | Very Low | Avalanche | 4 | - |
| Silver Bow County | Very Low | Winter weather | 27 | $8,245 |
| Valley County | Very Low | Hail | 17 | $1.5M |
| Phillips County | Very Low | Cold wave | 12 | $135K |
| Pondera County | Very Low | Cold wave | - | - |
| Jefferson County | Very Low | Landslide | 22 | $6,966 |
| Teton County | Very Low | Avalanche | 18 | $30.7K |
| Broadwater County | Very Low | Landslide | 6 | $6,500 |
| Deer Lodge County | Very Low | Avalanche | 18 | $8,284 |
| Musselshell County | Very Low | Wildfire | 15 | $1.2M |
| Stillwater County | Very Low | Wildfire | 54 | $1.4M |
| Sheridan County | Very Low | Cold wave | - | $73 |
| Toole County | Very Low | Cold wave | - | $416 |
| Wibaux County | Very Low | Cold wave | 4 | $77.1K |
| Powell County | Very Low | Landslide | 19 | $120K |
| Granite County | Very Low | Landslide | 15 | $16.9K |
| Sweet Grass County | Very Low | Wildfire | 14 | $419K |
| Mineral County | Very Low | Landslide | 16 | $10.8K |
| Liberty County | Very Low | Cold wave | 4 | $7,075 |
| Judith Basin County | Very Low | Wildfire | - | - |
| Fallon County | Very Low | Cold wave | 2 | - |
| McCone County | Very Low | Cold wave | - | - |
| Prairie County | Very Low | Cold wave | - | - |
| Powder River County | Very Low | Wildfire | 2 | $25.4K |
| Wheatland County | Very Low | Wildfire | 4 | $38.4K |
| Meagher County | Very Low | Landslide | 11 | $78.1K |
| Garfield County | Very Low | Wildfire | 7 | $105K |
| Daniels County | Very Low | Cold wave | - | - |
| Carter County | Very Low | Wildfire | - | - |
| Petroleum County | Very Low | Lightning | 1 | - |
| Golden Valley County | Very Low | Wildfire | 1 | - |
| Treasure County | Very Low | Wildfire | - | - |
Storm events by type
Since 1996: 162 deaths, $374M in property and crop damage
- High Wind7,676 · 4 deaths
- Hail7,371
- Thunderstorm Wind5,837 · 10 deaths
- Winter Storm3,626 · 19 deaths
- Heavy Snow3,269 · 7 deaths
- Winter Weather846 · 55 deaths
- Drought804
- Extreme Cold/Wind Chill704 · 1 death
- Flood701 · 8 deaths
- Blizzard642 · 3 deaths
- Flash Flood480 · 1 death
- Heavy Rain475
Events per year
Most damaging storms
Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage
- Winter Storm02/14/2025
Flathead/Mission Valleys
4 deaths, 4 injured
What happened
Multiple social media reports indicated that roads became very slick during the evening of the 14th. One individual noted that while at the ER, three or four separate people were being treated for serious injuries from vehicle accidents that evening. Another person stated, 'Highway 2 between Evergreen and Columbia Falls is pure ice.' Light snow, combined with northerly winds gusting up to 24 mph at times between the GPI Airport and Columbia Falls, contributed to deteriorating conditions. Snowfall totals included 4 to 5 inches in the Kalispell area and Mission Valley, 9.5 inches at Creston, and 6 inches near Bigfork.
- Winter Weather02/15/2026
Potomac / Seeley Lake Region
3 deaths, 3 injured
What happened
On the morning of February 15, 2026, a head-on collision involving two SUVs occurred on Highway 200 just west of Bear Creek. The accident resulted in three injuries requiring hospitalization and a two-hour closure of the highway. Precipitation totals in the vicinity of the accident ranged from 0.10 to 0.22 inches.
- Flood12/11/2025
Yakt, Lincoln County
$31M damage
What happened
Notable infrastructure losses included the Farm-to-Market Road state bridge over Libby Creek, the Granite Creek county bridge, Ramsey Creek Bridge at milepost 8.9, Old Town/Libby Creek Bridge 8.1 miles up Libby Creek Road(NFS Road Number 231), West Fisher Road bridge over Lake Creek at about the 5.5 milepost, the Lower Granite Creek Bridge at milepost 2.5 on National Forest Service(NFS) Road 4791, Whoopie Creek Bridge(NFS Road 384) near Spar Lake in the Troy District, and Keeler Creek took out the Lake Creek Road county bridge(NFS Road 473) and the county levee in Troy. Additional washouts occurred on Libby Creek Road (NFS Road 231) at mileposts 0.9 and and about 25.0 and along NFS Road 384 where it was washed out due to a landslide past the Whoopie Creek Bridge. The Hiatt Creek Bridge(NFS Road 384) near Spar Lake sustained damage. While the Ross Creek bridge survived the flood, the creek bed beneath it rose significantly. Floodwaters deposited so much rock and gravel that the space under the bridge was reduced from 8 feet to 6 inches, leaving no room for water to pass. The West Fisher Road lost about 600 feet of road at milepost 25.5, and the Poorman Creek culvert washout on...
- Winter Weather12/23/2025
Butte / Blackfoot Region
3 deaths, $8,000 damage
What happened
Along Interstate 90 between Drummond and Garrison Junction, freezing rain contributed to at least 6 accidents. At 1125MST a small car lost control, slid into the eastbound lane and crashed into a tractor trailer. All three people in the car were declared dead(indirect) on the scene. The road conditions were described as wet and icy.
- Winter Storm02/16/2025
Missoula / Bitterroot Valleys
3 deaths
What happened
Severe driving conditions were reported by Montana Department of Transportation due to slick roads on the morning of February 16. Very slick conditions were reported again during the next two nights with fresh snow falling. An accident during the early morning hours of February 18 occurred near Frenchtown on the eastbound lanes of Interstate 90, resulting in three fatalities.
- Freezing Fog12/17/2023
Lower Clark Fork Region
2 deaths, 5 injured, $70K damage
What happened
Freezing fog led to ice formation on area roadways. Icy roads were likely a contributing factor to a three vehicle collision on Highway 93 near Evaro. The crash resulted in five injuries and two fatalities.
Flood insurance
National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims
3,070 homes in Montana have flood insurance, about 0.6% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 2,168 of 13,743 homes (16%) are insured.
- Yellowstone Flooding$6.8M · 107 claims
- Flooding$29.3K · 6 claims
Drinking water
804 community water systems serve about 794,404 people
Since 2021, 89 systems reported 351 health-based violations. 78 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:
- Denton Town ofServes 255 · Surface water · Local government62 health violations+10 monitoring or reporting
- Philipsburg Town ofServes 1,360 · Surface water · Local government25 health violations
- Harlem City ofServes 820 · Surface water · Local government24 health violations+31 monitoring or reporting
- Whitehall Town ofServes 1,500 · Groundwater · Local government22 health violations+4 monitoring or reporting
- King Ranch ColonyServes 56 · Groundwater · Private21 health violations+7 monitoring or reporting
- St Labre Indian SchoolServes 650 · Groundwater · Private13 health violations+7 monitoring or reporting
- Richland Co Valley View WuaServes 85 · Groundwater · Local government12 health violations+6 monitoring or reporting
- Turner ColonyServes 50 · Groundwater · Private8 health violations+26 monitoring or reporting
Select a county above to see every system that serves it.
Climate in the largest cities
1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station
Pollution sites
19 Superfund sites and 61 toxic release facilities
Superfund sites
- ACM Smelter and RefineryFinal NPL Site, Black Eagle
- Anaconda Aluminum co Columbia Falls Reduction PlantFinal NPL Site, Columbia Falls
- Anaconda co. SmelterFinal NPL Site, Anaconda
- Barker Hughesville Mining DistrictFinal NPL Site, Monarch
- Basin Mining AreaFinal NPL Site, Basin
- Billings PCEFinal NPL Site, Billings
- Carpenter Snow Creek Mining DistrictFinal NPL Site, Neihart
- East Helena SiteFinal NPL Site, East Helena
Largest toxic releases
- Montana Resources LLC31.7 million lbs, Butte
- Colstrip Steam Electric Station6.7 million lbs, Colstrip
- Smc Nye Mine Site835,289 lbs, Nye
- Big Sky Scientific L.L.C.558,482 lbs, Sun River
- Stillwater Mining Co East Boulder Mine373,576 lbs, Big Timber
- Chs Inc. Laurel Refinery297,957 lbs, Laurel
- Par Montana Billings Refinery183,597 lbs, Billings
- Weyerhaeuser NR148,923 lbs, Columbia Falls
Facilities in Montana reported 41.6 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 1.8 million lbs of it into the air.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the biggest natural hazard in Montana?
- By expected annual loss, cold wave costs the most in Montana ($244M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
- How many storms hit Montana each year?
- NOAA recorded 34,276 storm events in Montana since 1996, about 1,106 a year. The most common type is high wind.
- How many homes in Montana have flood insurance?
- 3,070 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Montana. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $19M on 2,162 claims here.
- How many Superfund sites are in Montana?
- Montana has 19 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.
Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.