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Iowa Environment & Hazard Risk

0 counties rated high or very high risk. 61,957 storm events since 1996, #5 among states.

Expected yearly loss
$1.83B
$575 per person
Storm events since 1996
61,957
Most often thunderstorm wind
Flood insurance policies
6,602
$357M in claims paid
Superfund sites
25
463 toxic release facilities

Risk by county

FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first

CountyOverall riskTop hazardFlood policiesFlood claims paid
Polk CountyModerateStrong wind670$38.52M
Johnson CountyModerateStrong wind360$31.94M
Linn CountyModerateStrong wind655$69.43M
Scott CountyModerateStrong wind553$34.93M
Woodbury CountyModerateTornado173$1.95M
Pottawattamie CountyLowHail557$11.05M
Black Hawk CountyLowDrought448$27.33M
Cerro Gordo CountyLowDrought80$3.48M
Story CountyLowDrought95$13.08M
Wapello CountyLowDrought23$2.43M
Clinton CountyLowStrong wind108$1.28M
Dubuque CountyLowHail76$2.18M
Lee CountyLowHail38$3.99M
Marshall CountyLowDrought27$175K
Crawford CountyLowDrought2$1.7M
Dallas CountyLowDrought76$639K
Cass CountyLowDrought19$338K
Webster CountyLowDrought23$2.77M
Hardin CountyLowHail29$211K
Muscatine CountyLowHail130$5.64M
Carroll CountyLowHail14$360K
Des Moines CountyLowHail129$9.37M
Sioux CountyLowHail151$3.97M
Fayette CountyLowDrought39$866K
Davis CountyLowDrought--
Delaware CountyLowHail66$4.06M
Union CountyLowDrought14$134K
Adair CountyLowDrought--
Plymouth CountyLowHail20$606K
Floyd CountyLowDrought87$4.46M
Tama CountyLowDrought35$1.53M
Calhoun CountyLowDrought3-
Washington CountyLowStrong wind84$189K
Jasper CountyLowDrought24$1.34M
Hamilton CountyLowDrought6$189K
Emmet CountyVery LowDrought12$81.09K
Clayton CountyVery LowLandslide85$3.37M
Wright CountyVery LowDrought16$2,369
Appanoose CountyVery LowDrought3$103K
Page CountyVery LowHeat wave2$6,833
Buena Vista CountyVery LowHail11-
Audubon CountyVery LowDrought-$127K
Taylor CountyVery LowDrought-$27.87K
Allamakee CountyVery LowLandslide29$101K
Mitchell CountyVery LowStrong wind9$467K
Clay CountyVery LowHail133$5.48M
Dickinson CountyVery LowWinter weather31$311K
Winneshiek CountyVery LowHail60$365K
Warren CountyVery LowDrought28$287K
Jackson CountyVery LowLandslide23$384K
Madison CountyVery LowDrought5$98.91K
Marion CountyVery LowDrought9$486K
Cherokee CountyVery LowHail43$1.68M
Montgomery CountyVery LowDrought78$240K
Van Buren CountyVery LowDrought30$546K
Pocahontas CountyVery LowDrought1-
Jones CountyVery LowDrought42$4.12M
Kossuth CountyVery LowDrought3$22.66K
Greene CountyVery LowDrought2$6,005
Chickasaw CountyVery LowDrought29$498K
Harrison CountyVery LowDrought177$3.44M
Poweshiek CountyVery LowDrought7-
Henry CountyVery LowHeat wave--
Winnebago CountyVery LowDrought1$186
Mahaska CountyVery LowDrought12$134K
Lucas CountyVery LowDrought-$19.11K
Benton CountyVery LowDrought70$2.12M
Hancock CountyVery LowDrought6$7,979
Boone CountyVery LowDrought25$448K
Iowa CountyVery LowStrong wind98$267K
Sac CountyVery LowDrought4-
Butler CountyVery LowDrought113$7.43M
Jefferson CountyVery LowDrought4-
Guthrie CountyVery LowDrought17$157K
Monona CountyVery LowDrought29$701K
Bremer CountyVery LowDrought107$14.76M
Humboldt CountyVery LowDrought15$231K
Buchanan CountyVery LowDrought65$3.38M
Decatur CountyVery LowDrought-$24.32K
Shelby CountyVery LowDrought19$258K
Wayne CountyVery LowDrought--
Franklin CountyVery LowDrought8$41.01K
Keokuk CountyVery LowDrought4$31.71K
Cedar CountyVery LowDrought27$974K
Adams CountyVery LowDrought2$221K
Lyon CountyVery LowHail39$1.68M
Mills CountyVery LowLandslide44$6.16M
Clarke CountyVery LowDrought--
Ida CountyVery LowHail7$35.67K
Louisa CountyVery LowStrong wind97$4.48M
O'Brien CountyVery LowHail5$144K
Howard CountyVery LowDrought14$31.85K
Palo Alto CountyVery LowDrought8$37.7K
Fremont CountyVery LowDrought61$10.65M
Osceola CountyVery LowHail12$21.35K
Ringgold CountyVery LowDrought--
Grundy CountyVery LowDrought3$31.4K
Monroe CountyVery LowDrought-$355
Worth CountyVery LowDrought4$7,347

Costliest hazards

Expected annual loss in Iowa, all counties combined

  • Tornado$354M/yr · 8 counties high
  • Drought$223M/yr · 45 counties high
  • Cold wave$164M/yr · 2 counties high
  • Hail$129M/yr · 9 counties high
  • Strong wind$124M/yr · 14 counties high
  • Heat wave$61.36M/yr · 1 county high
  • Lightning$16.64M/yr · 2 counties high
  • Winter weather$12.49M/yr · 9 counties high
  • Ice storm$12.37M/yr · 4 counties high
  • Earthquake$7.85M/yr

Storm events by type

Since 1996: 152 deaths, $12.46B in property and crop damage

  • Thunderstorm Wind14,030 · 16 deaths
  • Hail13,740
  • Flood4,760 · 8 deaths
  • Winter Storm3,848 · 11 deaths
  • Heavy Rain3,554
  • High Wind2,700 · 2 deaths
  • Flash Flood2,629 · 10 deaths
  • Drought2,605
  • Winter Weather2,490 · 22 deaths
  • Tornado1,966 · 38 deaths
  • Heavy Snow1,737 · 3 deaths
  • Blizzard1,703 · 9 deaths

Events per year

Storm events per year in Iowa

Most damaging storms

Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage

  • TornadoEF3, 8.41 mi path, 1,200 yd wide07/19/2018

    Marietta, Marshall County

    23 injured, $200M damage

    What happened

    This tornado developed northwest of Marshalltown west of the little hamlet of Marietta. The tornado traveled southeast on the western side of the Iowa River producing extensive crop and tree damage. The tornado strengthened quickly and took on a wedge appearance as it entered northwest Marshalltown. The tornado tracked more easterly as it entered town producing widespread EF1 and EF2 damage. The tornado went directly through the business district of Marshalltown with EF2 and EF3 damage to many structures including the county courthouse which lost the spire off the clock tower. The tornado continued east through housing areas before encountering the Lennox plant on the east side of town, producing EF3 damage once again. The tornado began to weaken rapidly after this point and dissipated near power plant located on the east side of town. The tornado produced a total of 22 direct injuries. An additional indirect injury resulted during the clean-up of storm debris when a tree fell on a man.

  • Thunderstorm Wind122 kt wind08/10/2020

    Covington, Linn County

    1 death, 200 injured

    What happened

    Widespread straight-line winds that produced extensive damage were reported throughout Linn County, associated with a derecho. These winds lasted around an hour in total at any one location, even though the initial line of storms moved out quickly. Damaging straight-line winds continued and were associated with the rear inflow jet. Maximum wind speeds were estimated to be 80 to 100 MPH for much of the county, with areas in central Linn County that had wind speed estimates that were 120 MPH or higher. The highest estimated wind speed were in the Cedar Rapids area where extensive damage to an apartment complex occurred with damage indicating winds about 140 MPH. A radio transmission tower also collapsed with wind speed estimated at 130 MPH. These estimates were determined based off damage reports and photos submitted through social media as well as a damage survey. The peak thunderstorm wind gust measured at the Cedar Rapids airport ASOS before it lost power was 68 MPH. The duration of strong winds caused extensive damaged most if not all trees, crops, and structures in their path. Due to the widespread damage, long duration power outages occurred. One fatality occurred here when...

  • TornadoEF4, 24.86 mi path, 900 yd wide03/06/2022

    Macksburg, Madison County

    6 deaths, 5 injured, $75M damage

    What happened

    This is the first segment of this devastating tornado which passed through four counties including Madison, Warren, Polk and Jasper. The tornado began northwest of Macksburg in western Madision county. The tornado remained in mostly rural cropland and wooded areas of western Madison county. The tornado passed through Pammel State Park southwest of Winterset producing extensive tree damage as the tornado continued to widen into a wedge tornado. Upon exiting the park, the tornado travelled along Carver Road. Several residential homes were extensively damaged or destroyed along Carver Road and six deaths occurred along this stretch of road. The tornado was at peak intensity at this time with EF4 damage occurring west of the intersection of Carver Road and Highway 169 with a house completely destoyed and removed from the foundation. After departing the Carver Road corridor, the tornado progressed just southeast of Winterset and eventually passed east of town and crossing State Highway 92. Damage in these areas was primarily to trees and outbuildings although a few homes were also impacted with mostly EF1 to EF2 damage. From Highway 92 to where the tornado exited the...

  • TornadoEF3, 5.11 mi path, 800 yd wide07/19/2018

    Pella, Marion County

    13 injured, $120M damage

    What happened

    Tornado developed about 3 miles north of Pella and moved southeast for its entire length. The tornado initially remained in rural areas just north and northeast of the town producing crop, tree and minor structural damage to houses. The tornado began to intensify just northeast of town and shifted a house off of its foundation. The tornado then encountered the Vermeer facility on the east side of town producing EF3 damage to one of the large buildings along with tossing numerous cars about the facility. 13 injuries occurred at the Vermeer facility with 6 requiring transport to the hospital. The tornado then turned slightly eastward before passing into Mahaska county.

  • TornadoEF4, 15.74 mi path, 1,100 yd wide05/21/2024

    Fisk, Adair County

    4 deaths, 35 injured, $30M damage

    What happened

    This large and violent tornado entered into south central Adair County from Adams County. The tornado remained a multi-vortex circulation as it moved into the county producing high end damage for much of its remaining path. The tornado encountered several houses in the vicinity of Fontanelle Road and 320th Street. Many of the structures received at least EF2 damage with one house north of the intersection receiving up to EF4 damage with a sufficiently anchored structure destroyed and slumped into a debris field nearby. Additional EF4 damage was noted at a farmstead on Jordan Avenue south of 280th Street with the house destroyed and trees chewed down to only the largest trucks and portions of the bark removed. The path then passed through another wind mill area with additional turbines collapsing west of Kent Avenue. The tornado then passed over Nodaway Park Ponds and entered the southwest side of Greenfield along SW 3rd Street. Several structures over the next several blocks had up to EF4 damage from SW 3rd Street over the SE 3rd Street and South of Linn Street and north of Oak and Noble Streets. Most of these saw complete destruction of the house with much of the...

  • Flood04/01/2019

    Bartlett, Fremont County

    $100M damage

    What happened

    Flooding continued on the Missouri River due to snow melt in the Dakotas and over the Northern Rockies, a few episodes of rain, and increased discharges from dams on the Missouri River over the Dakotas. In addition flooding continued due to levee breaks on the river. Towns that continued to have flooding included Bartlett, McPaul, Thurman, Percival and Hamburg. Interstate 29 remained closed with water over the road through much of the county. Iowa Highway 2 was also under water and suffered extreme damage. Businesses just west of Interstate 29 on Highway 2 were also under water.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

Storms whose track crossed the state, newest first

Flood insurance

National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims

6,602 homes in Iowa have flood insurance, about 0.5% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 4,307 of 30,404 homes (14%) are insured.

Flood claims paid per year in Iowa
  • Storm$76.73M · 1,597 claims
  • Midwest Flooding$22.12M · 1,381 claims
  • March 2019 Midwest Flooding$17.55M · 315 claims
  • June Midwest Flooding$11.09M · 159 claims
  • Late spring storms$9.93M · 338 claims
  • Flooding$7.36M · 694 claims

Drinking water

1,082 community water systems serve about 3,043,606 people

Since 2021, 53 systems reported 152 health-based violations. 77 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:

Select a county above to see every system that serves it.

Climate in the largest cities

1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station

CityJuly highJan lowRainSnow
Des Moines86°F14°F36.5 in36.5 in
Cedar Rapids83°F11°F35.9 in-
Davenport84°F13°F38.8 in-
Sioux City86°F9°F30.3 in-
Iowa City86°F15°F35.7 in-
Ankeny86°F12°F37.1 in24.7 in
Ames84°F11°F35.9 in-
Waterloo85°F11°F36.3 in39.1 in

Pollution sites

25 Superfund sites and 463 toxic release facilities

Superfund sites

All 25 in Iowa

Largest toxic releases

All 463 in Iowa

Facilities in Iowa reported 34.8 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 18.4 million lbs of it into the air.

Frequently asked questions

What is the biggest natural hazard in Iowa?
By expected annual loss, tornado costs the most in Iowa ($354M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
How many storms hit Iowa each year?
NOAA recorded 61,957 storm events in Iowa since 1996, about 1,999 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
How many homes in Iowa have flood insurance?
6,602 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Iowa. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $357M on 14,688 claims here.
How many Superfund sites are in Iowa?
Iowa has 25 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.

Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.