North Dakota Environment & Hazard Risk
0 counties rated high or very high risk. 29,513 storm events since 1996, #28 among states.
- Expected yearly loss
- $565M
- $726 per person
- Storm events since 1996
- 29,513
- Most often hail
- Flood insurance policies
- 4,925
- $258M in claims paid
- Superfund sites
- 2
- 89 toxic release facilities
Risk by county
FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first
| County | Overall risk | Top hazard | Flood policies | Flood claims paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burleigh County | Moderate | Winter weather | 583 | $15.3M |
| Cass County | Moderate | Winter weather | 2,113 | $24.8M |
| Ward County | Low | Winter weather | 1,030 | $69.5M |
| Sioux County | Low | Cold wave | 3 | $374 |
| Grand Forks County | Low | Winter weather | 301 | $75.5M |
| Williams County | Low | Winter weather | 28 | $248K |
| Rolette County | Low | Wildfire | 2 | $58.5K |
| Morton County | Low | Hail | 144 | $2.8M |
| Stutsman County | Low | Winter weather | 66 | $758K |
| Barnes County | Low | Winter weather | 114 | $2.7M |
| Emmons County | Low | Wildfire | 14 | $1.1M |
| McLean County | Low | Winter weather | 2 | $76.7K |
| Stark County | Very Low | Winter weather | 83 | $91.8K |
| Richland County | Very Low | Winter weather | 52 | $2.3M |
| McIntosh County | Very Low | Cold wave | 2 | $7,285 |
| Walsh County | Very Low | Winter weather | 46 | $3.1M |
| McKenzie County | Very Low | Winter weather | 11 | - |
| Benson County | Very Low | Winter weather | 10 | $11.2M |
| Mountrail County | Very Low | Winter weather | - | $2,914 |
| Pembina County | Very Low | Winter weather | 75 | $3.7M |
| Bottineau County | Very Low | Winter weather | 8 | $1,800 |
| Ramsey County | Very Low | Winter weather | 25 | $37.6M |
| Dickey County | Very Low | Winter weather | - | $20.3K |
| Grant County | Very Low | Hail | 3 | $51K |
| Mercer County | Very Low | Winter weather | 65 | $716K |
| Ransom County | Very Low | Ice storm | 26 | $731K |
| Golden Valley County | Very Low | Cold wave | - | - |
| Cavalier County | Very Low | Winter weather | - | $256K |
| McHenry County | Very Low | Winter weather | 30 | $647K |
| Traill County | Very Low | Hail | 26 | $1.5M |
| LaMoure County | Very Low | Winter weather | 12 | $102K |
| Dunn County | Very Low | Hail | 18 | - |
| Logan County | Very Low | Cold wave | 1 | $263K |
| Hettinger County | Very Low | Winter weather | 3 | $238K |
| Wells County | Very Low | Winter weather | - | $80.9K |
| Nelson County | Very Low | Hail | - | $1M |
| Sargent County | Very Low | Hail | 2 | $89.2K |
| Foster County | Very Low | Winter weather | 2 | $98.1K |
| Steele County | Very Low | Strong wind | 1 | $135K |
| Divide County | Very Low | Winter weather | - | - |
| Griggs County | Very Low | Ice storm | 1 | $23K |
| Sheridan County | Very Low | Hail | - | $140K |
| Adams County | Very Low | Hail | - | $12.9K |
| Pierce County | Very Low | Winter weather | 1 | $55.8K |
| Kidder County | Very Low | Winter weather | - | - |
| Bowman County | Very Low | Winter weather | 3 | $11.8K |
| Towner County | Very Low | Ice storm | - | $374K |
| Eddy County | Very Low | Ice storm | 4 | $206K |
| Oliver County | Very Low | Wildfire | 5 | $67.7K |
| Renville County | Very Low | Winter weather | 5 | $124K |
| Burke County | Very Low | Winter weather | 2 | $4,585 |
| Billings County | Very Low | Wildfire | 2 | $99.6K |
| Slope County | Very Low | Wildfire | 1 | - |
Storm events by type
Since 1996: 77 deaths, $6B in property and crop damage
- Hail8,393
- Thunderstorm Wind5,437 · 4 deaths
- Blizzard2,735 · 14 deaths
- High Wind2,624 · 2 deaths
- Extreme Cold/Wind Chill1,839 · 4 deaths
- Winter Storm1,767 · 7 deaths
- Heavy Snow1,677
- Tornado1,002 · 7 deaths
- Drought687
- Flood664 · 11 deaths
- Cold/Wind Chill641 · 8 deaths
- Flash Flood558 · 5 deaths
Events per year
Most damaging storms
Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage
- Wildfire10/05/2024
Williams
2 deaths, 8 injured, $20M damage
What happened
There was a complex of two main fires in Williams County, referred to as the Ray-Tioga Fire and the Highway 85 Fire. Both of these fires crossed US Highway 2, and the Highway 85 fire nearly entered the town of Ray. Nearly 90,000 acres were burned by these fires, which resulted in two deaths and eight injuries. Many livestock animals died from the wildfires and many miles of fence was destroyed or severely damaged. In addition, two farmsteads were lost, farm equipment was burned including combines and tractors, vehicles and multiple power poles were burned, and many shelterbelts and windbreaks were destroyed. Approximately 425 power poles needed to be replaced in Williams County as a result of the fires.
- TornadoEF2, 0.53 mi path, 400 yd wide07/10/2018
Watford City, Mckenzie County
1 death, 28 injured, $3.5M damage
What happened
About 135 people were displaced from their homes. One fatality occurred and 28 people were injured, about 13 of them seriously. Based on the damage the tornado was rated EF2 and from that winds were estimated to have been around 127 mph.||This tornado developed just to the west of a large recreational vehicle, camper, and mobile home park on the southwest side of Watford City. The tornado passed through the park causing extensive and severe damage to over 100 recreational vehicles, campers, and single wide manufactured homes. Power poles were snapped and other non-occupied buildings were damaged and some destroyed, including a well-built pole barn. Many vehicles were damaged, some totaled.
- TornadoEF4, 6.7 mi path, 1,000 yd wide06/21/2025
Elizabeth, Cass County
3 deaths
What happened
This large and violent tornado initially began in Ransom county 3 miles SSW Enderlin. It crossed into Cass county approximately 3 miles east of Enderlin. EF-4 damage occurred just north of Highway 46 at two farmsteads where devastating damage occurred to both houses and seven outbuildings were destroyed. On the eastern farmstead, one farmhouse was leveled with the debris swept from its foundation and scattered downwind, leading to two fatalities. A lack of structural anchoring was noted at this location. Trees around the farmstead were also debarked, and a few root balls were displaced. The farmstead to the west was leveled for all portions above ground as well. The home had been built into the side of the surrounding hill with some of the debris still piled up around the location. It was built with manufactured steel trusses above the garage, suggesting slightly higher grade construction than a typical residential house. Additionally, a large propane tank was moved across the north end of the property at this location. The tornado continued north, causing additional tree damage and eventually leveling another farm house, leading to one fatality at a farmstead near 51st St east...
- Flash Flood07/09/2019
Ft Yates, Sioux County
2 deaths, 2 injured, $750K damage
What happened
Flash flooding resulted in a section of BIA Road 3, locally known as the Kenel Road which connects with ND Highway 1806, being washed out at the crossing with Joe Bush Creek. The culvert washed out and the road collapsed. Four vehicles drove into the washout and resulted in two fatalities and two injuries.
- Flood05/01/2022
Mott, Hettinger County
2 deaths, $30K damage
What happened
A married couple, both 74 years old, died after driving into the water at a low water crossing. This crossing is locally known to have water running through it during snowmelt and rain events. At the time of the attempted crossing, the water was approximately three to four feet deep over the low water crossing.
- Blizzard04/23/2022
Williams
$15M damage
What happened
Strong winds and heavy snow combined to produce a blizzard. In addition, periods of freezing rain occurred which accreted on power lines. This, combined with strong winds, led to extensive damage to power lines, cross arms, and poles, and thus widespread power outages.
Flood insurance
National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims
4,925 homes in North Dakota have flood insurance, about 1.8% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 2,445 of 8,620 homes (28%) are insured.
- Flooding$92.1M · 4,374 claims
- Late spring storms$81.4M · 1,412 claims
- Not a named storm$6M · 1,347 claims
- Winter storm$3.2M · 247 claims
- Severe flooding$1.3M · 195 claims
- Midwest Flooding$289K · 198 claims
Drinking water
305 community water systems serve about 706,282 people
Since 2021, 20 systems reported 37 health-based violations. 13 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:
- Maxbass City ofServes 84 · Groundwater · Local government10 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
- Sundale Hutterian AssociationServes 110 · Groundwater · Local government3 health violations+2 monitoring or reporting
- Flaxton City ofServes 66 · Groundwater · Local government3 health violations+8 monitoring or reporting
- Max City ofServes 334 · Purchased groundwater · Local government2 health violations
- Oberon City ofServes 105 · Groundwater · Local government2 health violations+22 monitoring or reporting
- Goodrich City ofServes 98 · Groundwater · Local government2 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
- Cathay City ofServes 43 · Groundwater · Local government2 health violations+18 monitoring or reporting
- Ellendale City ofServes 1,394 · Purchased groundwater · Local government1 health violation
Select a county above to see every system that serves it.
Climate in the largest cities
1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station
Pollution sites
2 Superfund sites and 89 toxic release facilities
Superfund sites
- Arsenic Trioxide SiteDeleted NPL Site, Southeast
- Minot LandfillDeleted NPL Site, Minot
Largest toxic releases
- Basin Electric Antelope Valley Station33.2 million lbs, Beulah
- Oneok Rockies Midstream LLC - Grasslands Gas Plant12.2 million lbs, Alexander
- Minnkota Power Cooperative Inc. Milton R. Young Station5.2 million lbs, Center
- Coal Creek Station2.7 million lbs, Underwood
- Basin Electric Leland Olds Station1.1 million lbs, Stanton
- Otter Tail Power Co Coyote Station923,790 lbs, Beulah
- Northern Sun-Div of ADM701,940 lbs, Enderlin
- ADM Processing603,461 lbs, Velva
Facilities in North Dakota reported 59.4 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 22.5 million lbs of it into the air.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the biggest natural hazard in North Dakota?
- By expected annual loss, cold wave costs the most in North Dakota ($189M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
- How many storms hit North Dakota each year?
- NOAA recorded 29,513 storm events in North Dakota since 1996, about 952 a year. The most common type is hail.
- How many homes in North Dakota have flood insurance?
- 4,925 residential flood insurance policies are in force in North Dakota. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $258M on 13,067 claims here.
- How many Superfund sites are in North Dakota?
- North Dakota has 2 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.
Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.