Skip to content

North Dakota Environment & Hazard Risk

0 counties rated high or very high risk. 29,513 storm events since 1996, #28 among states.

Expected yearly loss
$565M
$726 per person
Storm events since 1996
29,513
Most often hail
Flood insurance policies
4,925
$258M in claims paid
Superfund sites
2
89 toxic release facilities

Risk by county

FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first

CountyOverall riskTop hazardFlood policiesFlood claims paid
Burleigh CountyModerateWinter weather583$15.3M
Cass CountyModerateWinter weather2,113$24.8M
Ward CountyLowWinter weather1,030$69.5M
Sioux CountyLowCold wave3$374
Grand Forks CountyLowWinter weather301$75.5M
Williams CountyLowWinter weather28$248K
Rolette CountyLowWildfire2$58.5K
Morton CountyLowHail144$2.8M
Stutsman CountyLowWinter weather66$758K
Barnes CountyLowWinter weather114$2.7M
Emmons CountyLowWildfire14$1.1M
McLean CountyLowWinter weather2$76.7K
Stark CountyVery LowWinter weather83$91.8K
Richland CountyVery LowWinter weather52$2.3M
McIntosh CountyVery LowCold wave2$7,285
Walsh CountyVery LowWinter weather46$3.1M
McKenzie CountyVery LowWinter weather11-
Benson CountyVery LowWinter weather10$11.2M
Mountrail CountyVery LowWinter weather-$2,914
Pembina CountyVery LowWinter weather75$3.7M
Bottineau CountyVery LowWinter weather8$1,800
Ramsey CountyVery LowWinter weather25$37.6M
Dickey CountyVery LowWinter weather-$20.3K
Grant CountyVery LowHail3$51K
Mercer CountyVery LowWinter weather65$716K
Ransom CountyVery LowIce storm26$731K
Golden Valley CountyVery LowCold wave--
Cavalier CountyVery LowWinter weather-$256K
McHenry CountyVery LowWinter weather30$647K
Traill CountyVery LowHail26$1.5M
LaMoure CountyVery LowWinter weather12$102K
Dunn CountyVery LowHail18-
Logan CountyVery LowCold wave1$263K
Hettinger CountyVery LowWinter weather3$238K
Wells CountyVery LowWinter weather-$80.9K
Nelson CountyVery LowHail-$1M
Sargent CountyVery LowHail2$89.2K
Foster CountyVery LowWinter weather2$98.1K
Steele CountyVery LowStrong wind1$135K
Divide CountyVery LowWinter weather--
Griggs CountyVery LowIce storm1$23K
Sheridan CountyVery LowHail-$140K
Adams CountyVery LowHail-$12.9K
Pierce CountyVery LowWinter weather1$55.8K
Kidder CountyVery LowWinter weather--
Bowman CountyVery LowWinter weather3$11.8K
Towner CountyVery LowIce storm-$374K
Eddy CountyVery LowIce storm4$206K
Oliver CountyVery LowWildfire5$67.7K
Renville CountyVery LowWinter weather5$124K
Burke CountyVery LowWinter weather2$4,585
Billings CountyVery LowWildfire2$99.6K
Slope CountyVery LowWildfire1-

Storm events by type

Since 1996: 77 deaths, $6B in property and crop damage

  • Hail8,393
  • Thunderstorm Wind5,437 · 4 deaths
  • Blizzard2,735 · 14 deaths
  • High Wind2,624 · 2 deaths
  • Extreme Cold/Wind Chill1,839 · 4 deaths
  • Winter Storm1,767 · 7 deaths
  • Heavy Snow1,677
  • Tornado1,002 · 7 deaths
  • Drought687
  • Flood664 · 11 deaths
  • Cold/Wind Chill641 · 8 deaths
  • Flash Flood558 · 5 deaths

Events per year

Storm events per year in North Dakota

Most damaging storms

Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage

  • Wildfire10/05/2024

    Williams

    2 deaths, 8 injured, $20M damage

    What happened

    There was a complex of two main fires in Williams County, referred to as the Ray-Tioga Fire and the Highway 85 Fire. Both of these fires crossed US Highway 2, and the Highway 85 fire nearly entered the town of Ray. Nearly 90,000 acres were burned by these fires, which resulted in two deaths and eight injuries. Many livestock animals died from the wildfires and many miles of fence was destroyed or severely damaged. In addition, two farmsteads were lost, farm equipment was burned including combines and tractors, vehicles and multiple power poles were burned, and many shelterbelts and windbreaks were destroyed. Approximately 425 power poles needed to be replaced in Williams County as a result of the fires.

  • TornadoEF2, 0.53 mi path, 400 yd wide07/10/2018

    Watford City, Mckenzie County

    1 death, 28 injured, $3.5M damage

    What happened

    About 135 people were displaced from their homes. One fatality occurred and 28 people were injured, about 13 of them seriously. Based on the damage the tornado was rated EF2 and from that winds were estimated to have been around 127 mph.||This tornado developed just to the west of a large recreational vehicle, camper, and mobile home park on the southwest side of Watford City. The tornado passed through the park causing extensive and severe damage to over 100 recreational vehicles, campers, and single wide manufactured homes. Power poles were snapped and other non-occupied buildings were damaged and some destroyed, including a well-built pole barn. Many vehicles were damaged, some totaled.

  • TornadoEF4, 6.7 mi path, 1,000 yd wide06/21/2025

    Elizabeth, Cass County

    3 deaths

    What happened

    This large and violent tornado initially began in Ransom county 3 miles SSW Enderlin. It crossed into Cass county approximately 3 miles east of Enderlin. EF-4 damage occurred just north of Highway 46 at two farmsteads where devastating damage occurred to both houses and seven outbuildings were destroyed. On the eastern farmstead, one farmhouse was leveled with the debris swept from its foundation and scattered downwind, leading to two fatalities. A lack of structural anchoring was noted at this location. Trees around the farmstead were also debarked, and a few root balls were displaced. The farmstead to the west was leveled for all portions above ground as well. The home had been built into the side of the surrounding hill with some of the debris still piled up around the location. It was built with manufactured steel trusses above the garage, suggesting slightly higher grade construction than a typical residential house. Additionally, a large propane tank was moved across the north end of the property at this location. The tornado continued north, causing additional tree damage and eventually leveling another farm house, leading to one fatality at a farmstead near 51st St east...

  • Flash Flood07/09/2019

    Ft Yates, Sioux County

    2 deaths, 2 injured, $750K damage

    What happened

    Flash flooding resulted in a section of BIA Road 3, locally known as the Kenel Road which connects with ND Highway 1806, being washed out at the crossing with Joe Bush Creek. The culvert washed out and the road collapsed. Four vehicles drove into the washout and resulted in two fatalities and two injuries.

  • Flood05/01/2022

    Mott, Hettinger County

    2 deaths, $30K damage

    What happened

    A married couple, both 74 years old, died after driving into the water at a low water crossing. This crossing is locally known to have water running through it during snowmelt and rain events. At the time of the attempted crossing, the water was approximately three to four feet deep over the low water crossing.

  • Blizzard04/23/2022

    Williams

    $15M damage

    What happened

    Strong winds and heavy snow combined to produce a blizzard. In addition, periods of freezing rain occurred which accreted on power lines. This, combined with strong winds, led to extensive damage to power lines, cross arms, and poles, and thus widespread power outages.

Flood insurance

National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims

4,925 homes in North Dakota have flood insurance, about 1.8% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 2,445 of 8,620 homes (28%) are insured.

Flood claims paid per year in North Dakota
  • Flooding$92.1M · 4,374 claims
  • Late spring storms$81.4M · 1,412 claims
  • Not a named storm$6M · 1,347 claims
  • Winter storm$3.2M · 247 claims
  • Severe flooding$1.3M · 195 claims
  • Midwest Flooding$289K · 198 claims

Drinking water

305 community water systems serve about 706,282 people

Since 2021, 20 systems reported 37 health-based violations. 13 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:

  • Maxbass City ofServes 84 · Groundwater · Local government10 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
  • Sundale Hutterian AssociationServes 110 · Groundwater · Local government3 health violations+2 monitoring or reporting
  • Flaxton City ofServes 66 · Groundwater · Local government3 health violations+8 monitoring or reporting
  • Max City ofServes 334 · Purchased groundwater · Local government2 health violations
  • Oberon City ofServes 105 · Groundwater · Local government2 health violations+22 monitoring or reporting
  • Goodrich City ofServes 98 · Groundwater · Local government2 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
  • Cathay City ofServes 43 · Groundwater · Local government2 health violations+18 monitoring or reporting
  • Ellendale City ofServes 1,394 · Purchased groundwater · Local government1 health violation

Select a county above to see every system that serves it.

Climate in the largest cities

1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station

CityJuly highJan lowRainSnow
Fargo82°F-2°F24.4 in-
Bismarck82°F4°F20.3 in-
Grand Forks80°F-1°F22.8 in48.7 in
Minot84°F4°F16.7 in45.1 in
Williston85°F1°F15.1 in48.2 in
Dickinson83°F3°F17.6 in-
Mandan83°F3°F18.4 in-
Jamestown81°F1°F19.8 in-

Pollution sites

2 Superfund sites and 89 toxic release facilities

Superfund sites

All 2 in North Dakota

Largest toxic releases

All 89 in North Dakota

Facilities in North Dakota reported 59.4 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 22.5 million lbs of it into the air.

Frequently asked questions

What is the biggest natural hazard in North Dakota?
By expected annual loss, cold wave costs the most in North Dakota ($189M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
How many storms hit North Dakota each year?
NOAA recorded 29,513 storm events in North Dakota since 1996, about 952 a year. The most common type is hail.
How many homes in North Dakota have flood insurance?
4,925 residential flood insurance policies are in force in North Dakota. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $258M on 13,067 claims here.
How many Superfund sites are in North Dakota?
North Dakota has 2 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.

Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.