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Wisconsin Environment & Hazard Risk

1 county rated high or very high risk. 41,373 storm events since 1996, #19 among states.

Expected yearly loss
$2.59B
$440 per person
Storm events since 1996
41,373
Most often thunderstorm wind
Flood insurance policies
8,929
$142M in claims paid
Superfund sites
46
847 toxic release facilities

Risk by county

FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first

CountyOverall riskTop hazardFlood policiesFlood claims paid
Milwaukee CountyHighCold wave1,063$29.05M
Dane CountyModerateCold wave713$8.68M
Brown CountyModerateCold wave452$2.3M
Waukesha CountyModerateCold wave594$9.37M
Marathon CountyModerateCold wave199$359K
Winnebago CountyModerateCold wave413$4.04M
Rock CountyModerateHail221$4.4M
Racine CountyModerateCold wave306$2.63M
Kenosha CountyModerateCold wave204$5.23M
Columbia CountyModerateHail138$2.54M
La Crosse CountyLowCold wave408$1.24M
Marinette CountyLowCold wave77$234K
Outagamie CountyLowCold wave165$1.97M
Monroe CountyLowCold wave90$1.32M
Eau Claire CountyLowCold wave87$504K
Fond du Lac CountyLowHail415$7.41M
Wood CountyLowCold wave96$727K
Jefferson CountyLowHail153$11.03M
Vernon CountyLowLandslide39$4.27M
Walworth CountyLowHail112$647K
Sawyer CountyLowCold wave51$69.17K
Sauk CountyLowHail111$7.19M
Adams CountyLowHail34$89.66K
Juneau CountyLowHeat wave65$4.28M
Sheboygan CountyLowHail113$551K
Dodge CountyLowHail100$205K
Manitowoc CountyLowHail60$481K
Barron CountyLowCold wave39$116K
Clark CountyLowCold wave17$630K
Washington CountyLowCold wave240$1.21M
Waupaca CountyLowCold wave138$2.38M
Chippewa CountyLowCold wave85$337K
St. Croix CountyLowStrong wind95$1.54M
Polk CountyLowCold wave39$105K
Vilas CountyLowCold wave17-
Shawano CountyLowCold wave41$294K
Portage CountyLowCold wave45$166K
Oneida CountyLowCold wave28$14.77K
Douglas CountyLowCold wave63$718K
Oconto CountyLowCold wave105$1.03M
Grant CountyLowLandslide64$624K
Trempealeau CountyLowLandslide61$2.61M
Green Lake CountyLowHail36$471K
Florence CountyLowCold wave10$4,849
Lincoln CountyLowCold wave21$16.93K
Richland CountyLowLandslide20$1.19M
Ozaukee CountyLowCold wave362$3.9M
Langlade CountyLowCold wave36$53.37K
Burnett CountyLowCold wave68$280K
Dunn CountyLowLandslide50$52.52K
Jackson CountyLowLandslide34$448K
Marquette CountyLowHail45$432K
Forest CountyLowCold wave10$33.26K
Door CountyLowCold wave143$598K
Green CountyLowHail39$291K
Crawford CountyLowLandslide72$4.78M
Waushara CountyLowHail55$225K
Pierce CountyVery LowStrong wind56$2.84M
Rusk CountyVery LowCold wave14$290K
Taylor CountyVery LowCold wave9-
Bayfield CountyVery LowCold wave22$137K
Lafayette CountyVery LowCold wave19$563K
Washburn CountyVery LowCold wave41$852K
Price CountyVery LowCold wave24$96.56K
Ashland CountyVery LowCold wave20$489K
Calumet CountyVery LowHail48$61.95K
Iowa CountyVery LowLandslide19$216K
Kewaunee CountyVery LowCold wave28$135K
Buffalo CountyVery LowLandslide36$328K
Iron CountyVery LowCold wave19$10.35K
Menominee CountyVery LowLightning--
Pepin CountyVery LowLandslide17$659K

Costliest hazards

Expected annual loss in Wisconsin, all counties combined

  • Cold wave$806M/yr · 33 counties high
  • Tornado$308M/yr · 8 counties high
  • Hail$134M/yr · 8 counties high
  • Heat wave$88.55M/yr · 1 county high
  • Strong wind$72.01M/yr · 10 counties high
  • Lightning$36.89M/yr · 10 counties high
  • Winter weather$8M/yr · 3 counties high
  • Earthquake$7.49M/yr
  • Ice storm$5.58M/yr · 1 county high
  • Drought$2.61M/yr

Storm events by type

Since 1996: 460 deaths, $4.55B in property and crop damage

  • Thunderstorm Wind9,940 · 20 deaths
  • Hail8,091 · 1 death
  • Winter Storm3,692 · 40 deaths
  • Winter Weather3,682 · 80 deaths
  • Heavy Snow2,143 · 5 deaths
  • Dense Fog1,612 · 29 deaths
  • Flood1,464 · 16 deaths
  • Drought1,440
  • Strong Wind1,179 · 13 deaths
  • Flash Flood1,073 · 14 deaths
  • Cold/Wind Chill1,012 · 91 deaths
  • Heat939 · 41 deaths

Events per year

Storm events per year in Wisconsin

Most damaging storms

Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage

  • TornadoEF3, 10.2 mi path, 1,500 yd wide07/27/2026

    Appleton, Winnebago County

    94 injured, $88M damage

    What happened

    An NWS Damage Survey team confirmed a tornado that originated in Outagamie County around 11:56 AM CDT continued moving south, entering northeastern Winnebago County around 12:00 PM CDT. The tornado produced EF1 damage by snapping and uprooting trees and damaging residential buildings just south of the Fox River. The tornado continued to widen and eventually strengthened again to EF2 damage just south of Palisades Drive by uplifting significant portions of the roof deck and collapsing garage doors to residences with winds of 120 mph. The tornado continued to strengthen and widen, reaching a width of 1400 yards and producing EF3 damage to a well-built low-rise brick building just north of Highway 10 in Menasha. At this location, significant damage occurred to the exterior walls and some interior walls with winds of 140 mph.||The tornado path then narrowed south of Highway 10 in Menasha to just below 1000 yards, producing pockets of EF2 damage along and just south of Midway Road by collapsing an entire roof with winds of 125 mph. EF2 damage was also observed east of Highway 10 near Airport Road with the collapse of the exterior walls of a small professional building and winds of...

  • Flash Flood08/10/2025

    Menomonee Falls, Waukesha County

    1 injured, $89.01M damage

    What happened

    Widespread flash flooding of streets, creeks, rivers, and low lying neighborhoods and homes occurred especially in New Berlin, Brookfield, Butler, Menomonee Falls, Elm Grove, and Muskego. Some of the more notable creeks or rivers that flooded were the Fox and Menomonee Rivers and their tributaries. The Butler Ditch, Jewel Creek, Root River, and other unnamed creeks also flash flooded. For all of Waukesha County, 3 homes were classified as destroyed, 310 homes and businesses sustained major damage, 221 with minor damage and 119 with affected damage. These damages were from a variety of 1st floor flooding, basement flooding, and foundation collapse. Residential sewage backups, and raw sewage released into rivers by many municipalities were common. A small number of complete road washouts and swift water rescues occurred, in addition to dozens of people stranded in their vehicles in deep, still water in low lying areas. More specifically, a partial road washout occurred on Lily Road in Menomonee Falls due to the flash flooding of a tributary of the Menomonee River. The large collapse of a Y-shaped intersection at Campbell Dr. and Campbell Ct. in Menomonee Falls also occurred due...

  • Winter Storm02/24/2019

    Winnebago

    1 death, 71 injured

    What happened

    A massive chain-reaction pileup occurred in localized whiteout conditions along a stretch of I-41 in Neenah. A total of 131 vehicles were involved in the accident, 71 people were hospitalized and one person was killed after he exited his vehicle.

  • Flash Flood08/10/2025

    Carrollville, Milwaukee County

    1 death, $60M damage

    What happened

    Widespread and numerous reports of flash flooding in streets, in addition to rivers, creeks, and streams across the southern two thirds of Milwaukee County. 1800 homes were classified as major damage or destroyed due to flash flooding of the Lincoln and Honey Creeks. Many instances of flooded basements across the impacted area. Six foundations collapsed into basements of homes in the 60th street neighborhood near Lincoln Creek, with two homes being condemned. Additional basement collapse reported in West Allis near Honey Creek. Many vehicles stranded in flood waters, with multiple water rescues conducted by the Milwaukee Fire Department. Water reached the bottom of car doors at Wisconsin State Fair Park. Reports of water inside vehicles along Delaware Avenue in Bay View. Multiple runway and taxiway closures reported at Mitchell International Airport and Timmerman Field from flooding. Impacts contribute to an estimated $65,813,855 in public and individual infrastructure damages countywide. Brief (30-45 minute total duration) rises into moderate flood stage along the Kinnickinnic River at Milwaukee and Oak Creek in South Milwaukee between 12:30 & 2:30 AM local time on August 10....

  • Winter Weather01/27/2023

    Rock

    50 injured

    What happened

    A brief period of snow showers with reduced visibility and accumulating snow resulted in two large vehicle pile-ups on both sides of I-39/90 near Beloit and Janesville. Approximately 85 vehicles were involved in the pile-ups and around 50 people were injured and treated in area hospitals. There were a few serious injuries. Both lanes of the interstate were closed for 10 hours.

  • Winter Weather04/21/2021

    Washington

    1 death, 38 injured

    What happened

    A narrow band of heavy snow showers produced whiteout conditions and slick roads over portions of I-41 in Washington County for a period of 45 minutes to 90 minutes. Numerous multi-vehicle accidents were reported on I-41 near highway 144 and Cedar Creek Road, which included a crash involving 30 vehicles and another with 48 vehicles. 1 death was reported. 12 people were injured and sent to the hospital. Another 26 people were treated at the scene.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

Storms whose track crossed the state, newest first

Flood insurance

National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims

8,929 homes in Wisconsin have flood insurance, about 0.5% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 5,219 of 27,192 homes (19%) are insured.

Flood claims paid per year in Wisconsin
  • 2025-08-MilwaukeeMetro-Flood$17.13M · 394 claims
  • Flooding$15.99M · 1,743 claims
  • Storm$15.24M · 715 claims
  • 2026-04-Flooding$6.1M · 206 claims
  • March 2019 Midwest Flooding$6.07M · 282 claims
  • Severe flooding$2.16M · 199 claims

Drinking water

1,022 community water systems serve about 4,242,884 people

Since 2021, 312 systems reported 554 health-based violations. 264 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:

Select a county above to see every system that serves it.

Climate in the largest cities

1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station

CityJuly highJan lowRainSnow
Milwaukee85°F15°F39.4 in52.3 in
Madison82°F11°F40.2 in-
Green Bay80°F9°F32.4 in-
Kenosha80°F17°F37.6 in36.2 in
Racine79°F15°F37.0 in41.0 in
Appleton82°F10°F33.2 in49.4 in
Waukesha81°F12°F36.0 in36.9 in
Eau Claire82°F8°F32.8 in54.0 in

Pollution sites

46 Superfund sites and 847 toxic release facilities

Superfund sites

All 46 in Wisconsin

Largest toxic releases

All 847 in Wisconsin

Facilities in Wisconsin reported 21.0 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 6.3 million lbs of it into the air.

Frequently asked questions

What is the biggest natural hazard in Wisconsin?
By expected annual loss, cold wave costs the most in Wisconsin ($806M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
How many storms hit Wisconsin each year?
NOAA recorded 41,373 storm events in Wisconsin since 1996, about 1,335 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
How many homes in Wisconsin have flood insurance?
8,929 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Wisconsin. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $142M on 9,395 claims here.
How many Superfund sites are in Wisconsin?
Wisconsin has 46 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.

Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.