Wisconsin Environment & Hazard Risk
1 county rated high or very high risk. 41,373 storm events since 1996, #19 among states.
- Expected yearly loss
- $2.59B
- $440 per person
- Storm events since 1996
- 41,373
- Most often thunderstorm wind
- Flood insurance policies
- 8,929
- $142M in claims paid
- Superfund sites
- 46
- 847 toxic release facilities
Risk by county
FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first
| County | Overall risk | Top hazard | Flood policies | Flood claims paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milwaukee County | High | Cold wave | 1,063 | $29.05M |
| Dane County | Moderate | Cold wave | 713 | $8.68M |
| Brown County | Moderate | Cold wave | 452 | $2.3M |
| Waukesha County | Moderate | Cold wave | 594 | $9.37M |
| Marathon County | Moderate | Cold wave | 199 | $359K |
| Winnebago County | Moderate | Cold wave | 413 | $4.04M |
| Rock County | Moderate | Hail | 221 | $4.4M |
| Racine County | Moderate | Cold wave | 306 | $2.63M |
| Kenosha County | Moderate | Cold wave | 204 | $5.23M |
| Columbia County | Moderate | Hail | 138 | $2.54M |
| La Crosse County | Low | Cold wave | 408 | $1.24M |
| Marinette County | Low | Cold wave | 77 | $234K |
| Outagamie County | Low | Cold wave | 165 | $1.97M |
| Monroe County | Low | Cold wave | 90 | $1.32M |
| Eau Claire County | Low | Cold wave | 87 | $504K |
| Fond du Lac County | Low | Hail | 415 | $7.41M |
| Wood County | Low | Cold wave | 96 | $727K |
| Jefferson County | Low | Hail | 153 | $11.03M |
| Vernon County | Low | Landslide | 39 | $4.27M |
| Walworth County | Low | Hail | 112 | $647K |
| Sawyer County | Low | Cold wave | 51 | $69.17K |
| Sauk County | Low | Hail | 111 | $7.19M |
| Adams County | Low | Hail | 34 | $89.66K |
| Juneau County | Low | Heat wave | 65 | $4.28M |
| Sheboygan County | Low | Hail | 113 | $551K |
| Dodge County | Low | Hail | 100 | $205K |
| Manitowoc County | Low | Hail | 60 | $481K |
| Barron County | Low | Cold wave | 39 | $116K |
| Clark County | Low | Cold wave | 17 | $630K |
| Washington County | Low | Cold wave | 240 | $1.21M |
| Waupaca County | Low | Cold wave | 138 | $2.38M |
| Chippewa County | Low | Cold wave | 85 | $337K |
| St. Croix County | Low | Strong wind | 95 | $1.54M |
| Polk County | Low | Cold wave | 39 | $105K |
| Vilas County | Low | Cold wave | 17 | - |
| Shawano County | Low | Cold wave | 41 | $294K |
| Portage County | Low | Cold wave | 45 | $166K |
| Oneida County | Low | Cold wave | 28 | $14.77K |
| Douglas County | Low | Cold wave | 63 | $718K |
| Oconto County | Low | Cold wave | 105 | $1.03M |
| Grant County | Low | Landslide | 64 | $624K |
| Trempealeau County | Low | Landslide | 61 | $2.61M |
| Green Lake County | Low | Hail | 36 | $471K |
| Florence County | Low | Cold wave | 10 | $4,849 |
| Lincoln County | Low | Cold wave | 21 | $16.93K |
| Richland County | Low | Landslide | 20 | $1.19M |
| Ozaukee County | Low | Cold wave | 362 | $3.9M |
| Langlade County | Low | Cold wave | 36 | $53.37K |
| Burnett County | Low | Cold wave | 68 | $280K |
| Dunn County | Low | Landslide | 50 | $52.52K |
| Jackson County | Low | Landslide | 34 | $448K |
| Marquette County | Low | Hail | 45 | $432K |
| Forest County | Low | Cold wave | 10 | $33.26K |
| Door County | Low | Cold wave | 143 | $598K |
| Green County | Low | Hail | 39 | $291K |
| Crawford County | Low | Landslide | 72 | $4.78M |
| Waushara County | Low | Hail | 55 | $225K |
| Pierce County | Very Low | Strong wind | 56 | $2.84M |
| Rusk County | Very Low | Cold wave | 14 | $290K |
| Taylor County | Very Low | Cold wave | 9 | - |
| Bayfield County | Very Low | Cold wave | 22 | $137K |
| Lafayette County | Very Low | Cold wave | 19 | $563K |
| Washburn County | Very Low | Cold wave | 41 | $852K |
| Price County | Very Low | Cold wave | 24 | $96.56K |
| Ashland County | Very Low | Cold wave | 20 | $489K |
| Calumet County | Very Low | Hail | 48 | $61.95K |
| Iowa County | Very Low | Landslide | 19 | $216K |
| Kewaunee County | Very Low | Cold wave | 28 | $135K |
| Buffalo County | Very Low | Landslide | 36 | $328K |
| Iron County | Very Low | Cold wave | 19 | $10.35K |
| Menominee County | Very Low | Lightning | - | - |
| Pepin County | Very Low | Landslide | 17 | $659K |
Costliest hazards
Expected annual loss in Wisconsin, all counties combined
- Cold wave$806M/yr · 33 counties high
- Tornado$308M/yr · 8 counties high
- Hail$134M/yr · 8 counties high
- Heat wave$88.55M/yr · 1 county high
- Strong wind$72.01M/yr · 10 counties high
- Lightning$36.89M/yr · 10 counties high
- Winter weather$8M/yr · 3 counties high
- Earthquake$7.49M/yr
- Ice storm$5.58M/yr · 1 county high
- Drought$2.61M/yr
Storm events by type
Since 1996: 460 deaths, $4.55B in property and crop damage
- Thunderstorm Wind9,940 · 20 deaths
- Hail8,091 · 1 death
- Winter Storm3,692 · 40 deaths
- Winter Weather3,682 · 80 deaths
- Heavy Snow2,143 · 5 deaths
- Dense Fog1,612 · 29 deaths
- Flood1,464 · 16 deaths
- Drought1,440
- Strong Wind1,179 · 13 deaths
- Flash Flood1,073 · 14 deaths
- Cold/Wind Chill1,012 · 91 deaths
- Heat939 · 41 deaths
Events per year
Most damaging storms
Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage
- TornadoEF3, 10.2 mi path, 1,500 yd wide07/27/2026
Appleton, Winnebago County
94 injured, $88M damage
What happened
An NWS Damage Survey team confirmed a tornado that originated in Outagamie County around 11:56 AM CDT continued moving south, entering northeastern Winnebago County around 12:00 PM CDT. The tornado produced EF1 damage by snapping and uprooting trees and damaging residential buildings just south of the Fox River. The tornado continued to widen and eventually strengthened again to EF2 damage just south of Palisades Drive by uplifting significant portions of the roof deck and collapsing garage doors to residences with winds of 120 mph. The tornado continued to strengthen and widen, reaching a width of 1400 yards and producing EF3 damage to a well-built low-rise brick building just north of Highway 10 in Menasha. At this location, significant damage occurred to the exterior walls and some interior walls with winds of 140 mph.||The tornado path then narrowed south of Highway 10 in Menasha to just below 1000 yards, producing pockets of EF2 damage along and just south of Midway Road by collapsing an entire roof with winds of 125 mph. EF2 damage was also observed east of Highway 10 near Airport Road with the collapse of the exterior walls of a small professional building and winds of...
- Flash Flood08/10/2025
Menomonee Falls, Waukesha County
1 injured, $89.01M damage
What happened
Widespread flash flooding of streets, creeks, rivers, and low lying neighborhoods and homes occurred especially in New Berlin, Brookfield, Butler, Menomonee Falls, Elm Grove, and Muskego. Some of the more notable creeks or rivers that flooded were the Fox and Menomonee Rivers and their tributaries. The Butler Ditch, Jewel Creek, Root River, and other unnamed creeks also flash flooded. For all of Waukesha County, 3 homes were classified as destroyed, 310 homes and businesses sustained major damage, 221 with minor damage and 119 with affected damage. These damages were from a variety of 1st floor flooding, basement flooding, and foundation collapse. Residential sewage backups, and raw sewage released into rivers by many municipalities were common. A small number of complete road washouts and swift water rescues occurred, in addition to dozens of people stranded in their vehicles in deep, still water in low lying areas. More specifically, a partial road washout occurred on Lily Road in Menomonee Falls due to the flash flooding of a tributary of the Menomonee River. The large collapse of a Y-shaped intersection at Campbell Dr. and Campbell Ct. in Menomonee Falls also occurred due...
- Winter Storm02/24/2019
Winnebago
1 death, 71 injured
What happened
A massive chain-reaction pileup occurred in localized whiteout conditions along a stretch of I-41 in Neenah. A total of 131 vehicles were involved in the accident, 71 people were hospitalized and one person was killed after he exited his vehicle.
- Flash Flood08/10/2025
Carrollville, Milwaukee County
1 death, $60M damage
What happened
Widespread and numerous reports of flash flooding in streets, in addition to rivers, creeks, and streams across the southern two thirds of Milwaukee County. 1800 homes were classified as major damage or destroyed due to flash flooding of the Lincoln and Honey Creeks. Many instances of flooded basements across the impacted area. Six foundations collapsed into basements of homes in the 60th street neighborhood near Lincoln Creek, with two homes being condemned. Additional basement collapse reported in West Allis near Honey Creek. Many vehicles stranded in flood waters, with multiple water rescues conducted by the Milwaukee Fire Department. Water reached the bottom of car doors at Wisconsin State Fair Park. Reports of water inside vehicles along Delaware Avenue in Bay View. Multiple runway and taxiway closures reported at Mitchell International Airport and Timmerman Field from flooding. Impacts contribute to an estimated $65,813,855 in public and individual infrastructure damages countywide. Brief (30-45 minute total duration) rises into moderate flood stage along the Kinnickinnic River at Milwaukee and Oak Creek in South Milwaukee between 12:30 & 2:30 AM local time on August 10....
- Winter Weather01/27/2023
Rock
50 injured
What happened
A brief period of snow showers with reduced visibility and accumulating snow resulted in two large vehicle pile-ups on both sides of I-39/90 near Beloit and Janesville. Approximately 85 vehicles were involved in the pile-ups and around 50 people were injured and treated in area hospitals. There were a few serious injuries. Both lanes of the interstate were closed for 10 hours.
- Winter Weather04/21/2021
Washington
1 death, 38 injured
What happened
A narrow band of heavy snow showers produced whiteout conditions and slick roads over portions of I-41 in Washington County for a period of 45 minutes to 90 minutes. Numerous multi-vehicle accidents were reported on I-41 near highway 144 and Cedar Creek Road, which included a crash involving 30 vehicles and another with 48 vehicles. 1 death was reported. 12 people were injured and sent to the hospital. Another 26 people were treated at the scene.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
Storms whose track crossed the state, newest first
- Tropical Storm Cristobal (2020)06/02/2020 · Landfall: LA · 982 mbTropical storm58 mph peak
- Unnamed storm (1949)09/27/1949 · Landfall: TX · 965 mbCategory 2109 mph peak
- Unnamed storm (1900)08/27/1900 · Landfall: TX · 936 mbCategory 4144 mph peak
Flood insurance
National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims
8,929 homes in Wisconsin have flood insurance, about 0.5% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 5,219 of 27,192 homes (19%) are insured.
- 2025-08-MilwaukeeMetro-Flood$17.13M · 394 claims
- Flooding$15.99M · 1,743 claims
- Storm$15.24M · 715 claims
- 2026-04-Flooding$6.1M · 206 claims
- March 2019 Midwest Flooding$6.07M · 282 claims
- Severe flooding$2.16M · 199 claims
Drinking water
1,022 community water systems serve about 4,242,884 people
Since 2021, 312 systems reported 554 health-based violations. 264 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:
- Waukesha Water UtilityServes 70,718 · Purchased surface water · Local government56 health violations+15 monitoring or reporting
- Pewaukee Village WaterworksServes 8,166 · Groundwater · Local government22 health violations+31 monitoring or reporting
- Dells Club Condo Assoc 3Serves 75 · Groundwater · Private14 health violations+4 monitoring or reporting
- Pewaukee City Water and Sewer UtilityServes 8,671 · Groundwater · Local government11 health violations+5 monitoring or reporting
- Butternut WaterworksServes 283 · Groundwater · Local government8 health violations+19 monitoring or reporting
- Jefferson WaterworksServes 7,926 · Groundwater · Local government7 health violations+1 monitoring or reporting
- Winneconne WaterworksServes 2,502 · Groundwater · Local government7 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
- Manitou Falls Sanitary District No 1Serves 95 · Groundwater · Private7 health violations+64 monitoring or reporting
Select a county above to see every system that serves it.
Climate in the largest cities
1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station
Pollution sites
46 Superfund sites and 847 toxic release facilities
Superfund sites
- Algoma Municipal LandfillFinal NPL Site, Algoma
- Amcast Industrial CorporationFinal NPL Site, Cedarburg
- Ashland/Northern States Power LakefrontFinal NPL Site, Ashland
- Better Brite Plating co. Chrome and Zinc ShopsFinal NPL Site, De Pere
- City Disposal Corp. LandfillFinal NPL Site, Dunn
- Delavan Municipal Well #4Final NPL Site, Delavan
- Fox River Nrda/PCB ReleasesProposed NPL Site, Green Bay
- Hagen FarmFinal NPL Site, Stoughton
Largest toxic releases
- Mullins Cheese Inc1.6 million lbs, Mosinee
- Mccain Foods USA Inc1.4 million lbs, Wisconsin Rapids
- Waupaca Foundry Plant 11.2 million lbs, Waupaca
- Ppg Industries Inc-Oak Creek998,963 lbs, Oak Creek
- Charter Steel-Saukville893,654 lbs, Saukville
- Waupaca Foundry Plant 2/3825,397 lbs, Waupaca
- Weston Power Plant658,135 lbs, Mosinee
- Packaging Corp of Ameri CA579,794 lbs, Tomahawk
Facilities in Wisconsin reported 21.0 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 6.3 million lbs of it into the air.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the biggest natural hazard in Wisconsin?
- By expected annual loss, cold wave costs the most in Wisconsin ($806M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
- How many storms hit Wisconsin each year?
- NOAA recorded 41,373 storm events in Wisconsin since 1996, about 1,335 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
- How many homes in Wisconsin have flood insurance?
- 8,929 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Wisconsin. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $142M on 9,395 claims here.
- How many Superfund sites are in Wisconsin?
- Wisconsin has 46 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.
Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.