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Ohio Environment & Hazard Risk

3 counties rated high or very high risk. 45,411 storm events since 1996, #17 among states.

Expected yearly loss
$3.1B
$259 per person
Storm events since 1996
45,411
Most often thunderstorm wind
Flood insurance policies
18,040
$371M in claims paid
Superfund sites
50
1,269 toxic release facilities

Risk by county

FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first

CountyOverall riskTop hazardFlood policiesFlood claims paid
Franklin CountyHighCold wave1,221$8.4M
Cuyahoga CountyHighCold wave858$35.3M
Hamilton CountyHighTornado876$34.1M
Montgomery CountyModerateStrong wind946$2.1M
Lucas CountyModerateTornado888$7.7M
Butler CountyModerateTornado607$4.6M
Summit CountyModerateHail724$13M
Stark CountyModerateHail337$8.3M
Lorain CountyModerateStrong wind627$7.1M
Trumbull CountyModerateStrong wind298$3.7M
Mahoning CountyModerateHail143$2.8M
Licking CountyLowHail402$4.4M
Delaware CountyLowHail201$995K
Clermont CountyLowLightning270$10.2M
Warren CountyLowIce storm434$2.2M
Lake CountyLowWinter weather407$12.7M
Clark CountyLowIce storm275$4.3M
Greene CountyLowCold wave383$1.6M
Belmont CountyLowLightning145$7.8M
Allen CountyLowEarthquake163$4.1M
Fairfield CountyLowIce storm414$2.9M
Lawrence CountyLowHeat wave255$4.7M
Muskingum CountyLowLandslide96$2.2M
Scioto CountyLowHeat wave221$2.7M
Columbiana CountyLowHail90$892K
Tuscarawas CountyLowHail173$1.2M
Medina CountyLowWinter weather221$4.7M
Athens CountyLowLandslide166$5.4M
Jefferson CountyLowLandslide136$4M
Wood CountyLowIce storm135$1.6M
Portage CountyLowHail195$863K
Wayne CountyLowHail126$2.8M
Washington CountyLowLandslide278$18.3M
Ross CountyLowLandslide80$1.2M
Ashtabula CountyLowWinter weather65$2M
Brown CountyLowLandslide91$1.8M
Miami CountyLowEarthquake268$2.3M
Erie CountyLowWinter weather414$8.3M
Richland CountyLowIce storm87$9.8M
Marion CountyLowCold wave183$3.2M
Knox CountyLowHail118$264K
Holmes CountyLowHail61$657K
Geauga CountyLowWinter weather89$1.5M
Ottawa CountyLowStrong wind608$9.5M
Sandusky CountyLowHail119$826K
Shelby CountyLowEarthquake115$1.6M
Hancock CountyLowHail387$38.6M
Logan CountyLowHail224$1.4M
Meigs CountyLowLandslide106$2.5M
Darke CountyLowTornado69$238K
Pickaway CountyLowDrought70$708K
Huron CountyLowLightning60$801K
Coshocton CountyLowLandslide48$216K
Gallia CountyLowLandslide124$1.6M
Hocking CountyLowLandslide115$2.2M
Seneca CountyLowHail65$1.9M
Ashland CountyLowHail81$762K
Williams CountyLowStrong wind40$764K
Adams CountyLowHeat wave50$1.4M
Preble CountyLowStrong wind87$372K
Highland CountyLowDrought4$12K
Pike CountyLowLandslide75$1.7M
Defiance CountyVery LowHail43$2.4M
Auglaize CountyVery LowEarthquake116$2.3M
Guernsey CountyVery LowLandslide86$8.4M
Jackson CountyVery LowLandslide58$3M
Crawford CountyVery LowIce storm46$2.8M
Clinton CountyVery LowIce storm68$206K
Henry CountyVery LowHail43$1.3M
Fulton CountyVery LowDrought53$166K
Putnam CountyVery LowHail110$10.1M
Union CountyVery LowIce storm58$430K
Mercer CountyVery LowEarthquake56$1.3M
Monroe CountyVery LowLandslide23$1.2M
Champaign CountyVery LowIce storm69$252K
Perry CountyVery LowLandslide88$1.8M
Fayette CountyVery LowIce storm34$24K
Madison CountyVery LowIce storm38$149K
Hardin CountyVery LowLightning61$330K
Morrow CountyVery LowIce storm27$71.3K
Paulding CountyVery LowHail49$239K
Van Wert CountyVery LowStrong wind43$231K
Carroll CountyVery LowLandslide58$614K
Morgan CountyVery LowLandslide44$2M
Wyandot CountyVery LowIce storm87$2.5M
Noble CountyVery LowLandslide31$2.9M
Vinton CountyVery LowLandslide8$163K
Harrison CountyVery LowLandslide29$527K

Storm events by type

Since 1996: 267 deaths, $7B in property and crop damage

  • Thunderstorm Wind17,703 · 33 deaths
  • Hail7,607
  • Flood3,533 · 31 deaths
  • Flash Flood3,287 · 43 deaths
  • Winter Weather3,212 · 14 deaths
  • Winter Storm2,524 · 5 deaths
  • High Wind2,102 · 20 deaths
  • Heavy Snow1,131
  • Tornado864 · 27 deaths
  • Extreme Cold/Wind Chill440 · 10 deaths
  • Drought415
  • Strong Wind412 · 2 deaths

Events per year

Storm events per year in Ohio

Most damaging storms

Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage

  • TornadoEF4, 18.17 mi path, 1,050 yd wide05/28/2019

    Pyrmont, Montgomery County

    1 death, 166 injured, $500M damage

    What happened

    The tornado initially touched down just west of Brookville and areas on the south side of Brookville sustained heavy damage, consistent with high-end EF2 wind speeds. Numerous homes suffered significant roof damage and removal, including exterior wall collapse and complete garage destruction. ||The tornado then carved a path east through Trotwood where damage consistent with EF2 wind speeds was widespread and some homes sustained damage consistent with EF3 wind speeds. Structures here again featured roof removal and exterior wall collapse. This was particularly true on the south side of Westbrook Road. A large number of homes and apartment complexes were impacted further east in Trotwood, with most of this damage consistent with high-end EF2 wind speeds.||The highest winds were estimated to have occurred in a corridor from eastern Trotwood (between Shiloh Springs Road and Westbrook Road), then southeast between Shiloh Springs Road and Turner Road, into areas along the Stillwater River/Riverside Drive area. Embedded within this zone was higher-end EF3 damage. Areas near Riverside Drive and the Stillwater River exhibited damage consistent with wind speeds of 170 mph, or lower-end...

  • Blizzard12/23/2022

    Sandusky

    4 deaths, 73 injured

    What happened

    An Arctic cold front swept through the area shortly before midnight December 23rd. Low pressure along this front tracked over Lake Erie early in the morning on December 23rd and rapidly intensified through the day while slowly lifting northeast across Ontario. With the frontal passage rain changed to snow with temperatures dropping from the upper 30s and lower 40s to sub-zero in about 8 hours. A period of light to moderate snow occurred behind the front into the morning hours of December 23rd before becoming much lighter by midday. The period of snow and rapidly falling temperatures led to a flash freeze and icy conditions on area roadways. While the falling snow became lighter through the daytime hours of December 23rd, winds began increasing during the pre-dawn hours and gusted over 50 MPH through the day. A peak wind gust of 58 MPH was measured at 1:55 PM December 23rd at the Sandusky County Regional Airport. Scattered tree damage and power outages resulted. Wind gusts very gradually subsided into December 24th, though gusts didn���t drop below 30 MPH until that evening. This led to a prolonged period of widespread blowing and drifting snow beginning early in the morning...

  • Cold/Wind Chill02/01/2021

    Cuyahoga

    7 deaths

    What happened

    The Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner Office determined that seven people in Cuyahoga County died from exposure during the first half of February due to the combination of cold weather and inadequate housing with proper heating. Temperatures during the first half of February were largely below freezing with many nights with lows in the single digits and wind chills below zero.

  • TornadoEF3, 22.14 mi path, 1,000 yd wide03/15/2024

    Lakeview Van Horn Ar, Logan County

    3 deaths, 25 injured, $5M damage

    What happened

    The tornado began in Auglaize County at 1829EST, 3 miles north of Botkins and moved east-southeast, entering Logan County at 1843EST, just north of Santa Fe. Areas of signifincant tree damage occurred along the path of the tornado across northwest Logan County. ||The tornado strengthened as it approached the village of Lakeview, producing severe damage over much of the Lakeview area, beginning along Pine Street and Poplar Court. On Poplar Court, one single family residence was destroyed, with all walls collapsed. A corridor of severe damage continued directly southeast across Main Street, where wall collapse was noted along one business building and another well built construction was destroyed. Another single family home on North Oak Street, just to the east of U.S. Route 33 and west of Indian Lake, also had all walls collapsed from the tornado. The most significant damage occurred along this stretch of Lakeview, with maximum winds estimated to be up to 155 mph, or EF-3. The width of the tornado was a half mile at this point. Three fatalities and 25 injuries occurred in the Lakeview area. ||Damage, primarily of EF-2 magnitude, continued southeast of Lakeview, affecting areas...

  • TornadoEF3, 9.37 mi path, 1,230 yd wide05/28/2019

    New Germany, Greene County

    $50M damage

    What happened

    The tornado first touched down in Riverside in far eastern Montgomery County at 2212EST before quickly moving into western Greene County at 2213EST. The tornado continued to move east across western and central Greene County before lifting along U.S. 68, about 5 miles north of Xenia.||There were two locations along the track of this tornado in the Beavercreek area where damage was indicative of EF3 intensity. The first was in the vicinity of I-675 and Grange Hall Road. Several homes along Rushton Drive had entire roofs lifted, as well as the collapse of several exterior walls with only interior walls left standing. Additional homes along Gardenview and Wendover Drives experienced high-end EF2 damage with windows shattered, garage doors collapsed and entire roof structures removed.||Additional EF3 damage occurred in Beavercreek near Anna Laura Lane. In this area, some buildings of an apartment complex had large sections of roofs removed and exterior walls on upper levels collapsed, leaving just interior walls standing. ||Most of the damage from near Grange Hall road eastward to businesses near North Fairfield Road was EF2 to EF1 type damage, where some concrete block businesses...

  • TornadoEF3, 10.84 mi path, 250 yd wide05/28/2019

    Durbin, Mercer County

    1 death, 8 injured, $15M damage

    What happened

    The tornado appeared to have first touched down west of Celina, near the intersection of Township Line Road and Bunker Hill Road, where about half of a barn's metal roof was removed and strewn in a narrow path to the east-northeast. At least two other barns also lost nearly half of their metal roofing in the vicinity of Bunker Hill Road. Numerous trees in this area, with trunk diameters of 18 to 24 inches, were also snapped and blown down in various directions. This type of damage was consistent with wind speeds of up to 90 mph and associated with an EF1 tornado. ||The next damage occurred to homes and adjacent outbuildings along Mud Pike Road, immediately southeast of the intersection with State Route 118. Two homes retained their main roof structure but many shingles were removed. Two outbuildings and a larger barn were destroyed, likely resulting from EF1 tornado winds of 100 to 110 mph. Additional damage occurred along Hellwarth Road, just south of the intersection with Fairground Road. Several homes and outbuildings were damaged, with the most serious being a home that lost much of its roof and some exterior walls. High-end EF2 tornado winds of 125 to 135 mph likely caused...

Flood insurance

National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims

18,040 homes in Ohio have flood insurance, about 0.4% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 12,183 of 73,981 homes (16%) are insured.

Flood claims paid per year in Ohio
  • Flooding$44.3M · 3,887 claims
  • Late winter storms$21.2M · 963 claims
  • Tropical Storm Ivan$19.5M · 1,002 claims
  • Central U.S. April Flooding$5.3M · 120 claims
  • Tropical Storm Erin$2M · 81 claims
  • March storm$2M · 152 claims

Drinking water

1,122 community water systems serve about 10,526,227 people

Since 2021, 225 systems reported 421 health-based violations. 482 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:

  • Hamler VillageServes 580 · Groundwater · Local government22 health violations+31 monitoring or reporting
  • Maysville Regional WaterServes 6,540 · Purchased groundwater · Private18 health violations+4 monitoring or reporting
  • Nelsonville PwsServes 6,656 · Groundwater · Local government9 health violations+7 monitoring or reporting
  • New LexingtonServes 5,161 · Surface water · Local government9 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
  • Holgate VillageServes 1,150 · Groundwater · Local government9 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
  • Van Wert CityServes 10,846 · Surface water · Local government8 health violations+5 monitoring or reporting
  • Wauseon City PwsServes 7,568 · Surface water · Local government7 health violations
  • Cadiz Village PwsServes 3,353 · Surface water · Local government7 health violations+6 monitoring or reporting

Select a county above to see every system that serves it.

Climate in the largest cities

1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station

CityJuly highJan lowRainSnow
Columbus85°F21°F44.7 in-
Cleveland81°F24°F33.3 in-
Cincinnati87°F24°F43.4 in-
Toledo85°F20°F32.4 in-
Akron85°F21°F32.5 in-
Dayton87°F20°F41.6 in12.3 in
Parma84°F22°F41.0 in63.8 in
Canton84°F20°F41.6 in47.2 in

Pollution sites

50 Superfund sites and 1,269 toxic release facilities

Superfund sites

All 50 in Ohio

Largest toxic releases

All 1,269 in Ohio

Facilities in Ohio reported 86.4 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 23.7 million lbs of it into the air.

Frequently asked questions

What is the biggest natural hazard in Ohio?
By expected annual loss, tornado costs the most in Ohio ($366M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
How many storms hit Ohio each year?
NOAA recorded 45,411 storm events in Ohio since 1996, about 1,465 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
How many homes in Ohio have flood insurance?
18,040 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Ohio. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $371M on 28,209 claims here.
How many Superfund sites are in Ohio?
Ohio has 50 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.

Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.