Indiana Environment & Hazard Risk
2 counties rated high or very high risk. 37,605 storm events since 1996, #23 among states.
- Expected yearly loss
- $2.37B
- $350 per person
- Storm events since 1996
- 37,605
- Most often thunderstorm wind
- Flood insurance policies
- 13,093
- $309M in claims paid
- Superfund sites
- 53
- 885 toxic release facilities
Risk by county
FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first
| County | Overall risk | Top hazard | Flood policies | Flood claims paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marion County | High | Tornado | 2,066 | $18.89M |
| Lake County | High | Cold wave | 857 | $49.46M |
| Vanderburgh County | Moderate | Earthquake | 461 | $7.46M |
| Allen County | Moderate | Strong wind | 507 | $15.77M |
| Hamilton County | Moderate | Tornado | 523 | $5.87M |
| St. Joseph County | Moderate | Cold wave | 232 | $1.34M |
| Elkhart County | Moderate | Strong wind | 340 | $3.85M |
| Vigo County | Moderate | Strong wind | 489 | $17.38M |
| Tippecanoe County | Moderate | Cold wave | 177 | $3.22M |
| Porter County | Moderate | Tornado | 118 | $2.28M |
| Clark County | Moderate | Strong wind | 481 | $17.46M |
| LaPorte County | Low | Cold wave | 140 | $817K |
| Madison County | Low | Strong wind | 206 | $3.67M |
| Hendricks County | Low | Winter weather | 152 | $696K |
| Delaware County | Low | Tornado | 323 | $3.81M |
| Monroe County | Low | Strong wind | 169 | $3.79M |
| Floyd County | Low | Strong wind | 155 | $4.4M |
| Johnson County | Low | Strong wind | 360 | $12.63M |
| Wayne County | Low | Tornado | 78 | $1.19M |
| Bartholomew County | Low | Tornado | 388 | $14.99M |
| Grant County | Low | Tornado | 66 | $1.71M |
| Kosciusko County | Low | Strong wind | 474 | $4.7M |
| Warrick County | Low | Earthquake | 130 | $651K |
| Howard County | Low | Strong wind | 142 | $9.77M |
| Morgan County | Low | Landslide | 218 | $8.69M |
| LaGrange County | Low | Strong wind | 172 | $627K |
| Dubois County | Low | Earthquake | 35 | $381K |
| Daviess County | Low | Earthquake | 15 | $213K |
| Cass County | Low | Strong wind | 87 | $841K |
| Knox County | Low | Earthquake | 59 | $1.01M |
| Jackson County | Low | Strong wind | 147 | $1.05M |
| Miami County | Low | Strong wind | 52 | $196K |
| Adams County | Low | Strong wind | 44 | $1.31M |
| Harrison County | Low | Tornado | 61 | $8.56M |
| Jefferson County | Low | Landslide | 76 | $5.51M |
| Gibson County | Low | Drought | 26 | $506K |
| Lawrence County | Low | Strong wind | 32 | $1.03M |
| Ripley County | Low | Strong wind | 11 | $120K |
| Posey County | Low | Earthquake | 106 | $2.3M |
| Dearborn County | Low | Landslide | 38 | $2.03M |
| Henry County | Low | Tornado | 48 | $601K |
| Noble County | Low | Strong wind | 192 | $2.79M |
| Hancock County | Low | Tornado | 186 | $1.01M |
| Shelby County | Low | Tornado | 204 | $3.07M |
| Boone County | Low | Hail | 162 | $645K |
| Putnam County | Low | Strong wind | 35 | $504K |
| Greene County | Very Low | Landslide | 45 | $141K |
| Marshall County | Very Low | Lightning | 46 | $1.56M |
| DeKalb County | Very Low | Strong wind | 56 | $1.55M |
| Montgomery County | Very Low | Strong wind | 32 | $374K |
| Wabash County | Very Low | Tornado | 67 | $473K |
| Washington County | Very Low | Tornado | 9 | $2.74M |
| Orange County | Very Low | Tornado | 29 | $1.33M |
| Spencer County | Very Low | Earthquake | 84 | $408K |
| White County | Very Low | Cold wave | 119 | $4.99M |
| Huntington County | Very Low | Strong wind | 44 | $1.1M |
| Owen County | Very Low | Landslide | 47 | $3.59M |
| Perry County | Very Low | Strong wind | 42 | $298K |
| Franklin County | Very Low | Landslide | 29 | $839K |
| Fayette County | Very Low | Tornado | 51 | $498K |
| Jasper County | Very Low | Cold wave | 107 | $1.61M |
| Jennings County | Very Low | Landslide | 21 | $102K |
| Randolph County | Very Low | Tornado | 62 | $143K |
| Clinton County | Very Low | Hail | 44 | $372K |
| Carroll County | Very Low | Drought | 209 | $17.33M |
| Parke County | Very Low | Landslide | 16 | $348K |
| Steuben County | Very Low | Hail | 105 | $151K |
| Clay County | Very Low | Earthquake | 31 | $539K |
| Crawford County | Very Low | Tornado | 19 | $2.18M |
| Starke County | Very Low | Cold wave | 49 | $357K |
| Whitley County | Very Low | Drought | 70 | $157K |
| Vermillion County | Very Low | Earthquake | 47 | $411K |
| Decatur County | Very Low | Lightning | 24 | $831K |
| Jay County | Very Low | Tornado | 13 | $523K |
| Wells County | Very Low | Tornado | 37 | $757K |
| Scott County | Very Low | Tornado | 20 | $210K |
| Fountain County | Very Low | Lightning | 8 | $33.65K |
| Sullivan County | Very Low | Earthquake | 4 | $42.21K |
| Fulton County | Very Low | Drought | 35 | $2.17M |
| Brown County | Very Low | Ice storm | 71 | $5.03M |
| Pike County | Very Low | Earthquake | 4 | $44K |
| Rush County | Very Low | Tornado | 33 | $205K |
| Martin County | Very Low | Earthquake | 7 | $212K |
| Newton County | Very Low | Cold wave | 48 | $422K |
| Switzerland County | Very Low | Landslide | 56 | $1.7M |
| Pulaski County | Very Low | Cold wave | 51 | $2.64M |
| Blackford County | Very Low | Tornado | 4 | $1,516 |
| Tipton County | Very Low | Drought | 126 | $1.76M |
| Warren County | Very Low | Landslide | 2 | $1,983 |
| Union County | Very Low | Strong wind | 1 | $50.52K |
| Benton County | Very Low | Cold wave | - | - |
| Ohio County | Very Low | Landslide | 29 | $111K |
Costliest hazards
Expected annual loss in Indiana, all counties combined
- Tornado$422M/yr · 13 counties high
- Cold wave$255M/yr · 7 counties high
- Earthquake$166M/yr
- Strong wind$119M/yr · 23 counties high
- Heat wave$74.67M/yr · 1 county high
- Hail$51.23M/yr · 1 county high
- Lightning$24.55M/yr · 4 counties high
- Drought$21.12M/yr · 1 county high
- Winter weather$12.34M/yr · 10 counties high
- Ice storm$10.56M/yr · 2 counties high
Storm events by type
Since 1996: 351 deaths, $3.25B in property and crop damage
- Thunderstorm Wind13,383 · 45 deaths
- Hail6,352
- Flood3,861 · 51 deaths
- Flash Flood2,216 · 32 deaths
- Winter Storm2,048 · 15 deaths
- Winter Weather1,977 · 58 deaths
- Heavy Snow1,269 · 7 deaths
- Tornado1,078 · 55 deaths
- High Wind924 · 8 deaths
- Drought546
- Dense Fog512 · 7 deaths
- Strong Wind503 · 5 deaths
Events per year
Most damaging storms
Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage
- TornadoEF3, 17.14 mi path, 700 yd wide03/15/2024
Farmland, Randolph County
1 death, 37 injured, $25M damage
What happened
The Selma tornado lifted in the open area and fields between|eastern Delaware county to near Farmland before redeveloping. As it|moved through Rural Randolph county it bent or snapped numerous|utility poles along State Road 32. Also, a large blade on one of|the wind turbines in the area was badly damaged.||As the tornado entered Winchester, it severely damaged many homes|and snapped and uprooted trees in a west-to-east path through|Winchester. There was clear evidence of the tornado`s rotational|circulation, with uprooted trees pointed to the east on the|immediate south side of the tornado, and to the northwest on the|immediate north side of the tornado. The damage pattern also|indicated the possibility of small multiple vortices rotating|around the main vortex. In the residential core of the town, the|maximum intensity of the tornado was estimated around 130 mph or|high-end EF2 strength.||The greatest damage in Winchester occurred on the east side of|town at the Taco Bell, as the anchored building was destroyed, as|was a church immediately east of the restaurant. In this|concentrated area, the NWS Team estimated maximum winds of 155-165|mph, or high- end EF3 damage. Maximum...
- Flash Flood03/20/2020
Laurel, Franklin County
6 deaths, $100K damage
What happened
A bridge collapsed on Sanes Creek Road near Tee Hill Road due to flash flooding on Sanes Creek. Two vehicles were swept into the water, leading to six fatalities. M48VE, M47VE, F35VE, M13VE, F7VE, F4VE.
- TornadoEF3, 13.25 mi path, 660 yd wide04/01/2023
Riverton, Sullivan County
3 deaths, 8 injured, $18.16M damage
What happened
This was the rotating supercell's first tornado, having traversed through Illinois for nearly 28 miles, producing EF3 damage before entering Indiana. The tornado crossed the Wabash River, entering Sullivan County 1.8 miles south of Merom. Near Merom, the tornado severely damaged 3 homes and destroyed a modular home which was thrown at least 200 yards to destruction. Two occupants of this home were killed. Also, a large trailer and several cars were thrown tens of yards from their resting location. The violent winds sheared off trees approximately 20 to 30 feet above ground.||The tornado continued across southern portions of the City of Sullivan. Dozens of homes and structures were severely damaged or destroyed, indicating the strongest winds of the tornado's entire 41-mile track that peaked near 165 mph. The tornado continued to locations immediately south-southeast, and then southeast of Sullivan, destroying at least 3 additional homes, including a modular home which was thrown at least 150 yards. One occupant of this home was killed, while the other was injured. Many trees were again sheared 20 to 30 feet off the ground. Continuing to the east-northeast, the...
- Flash Flood06/19/2021
Arlington, Monroe County
1 death, 1 injured, $25M damage
What happened
A 31 year old male was swept away in a vehicle in floodwaters from clear creek near the intersection of College Avenue and Dodds Street. Another person of unknown age and sex was also in the vehicle at the time but was able to escape with only minor injuries. Numerous videos and pictures showed standing water along portions of the downtown including Walnut Street. Many businesses in the area remained shut down for a week to clean up issues related to the flood waters. Water rushed into a nursing home which required the building to evacuate.
- Winter Weather01/08/2022
Clay
3 deaths, 1 injured, $25K damage
What happened
Indiana State Police relayed through media that icy conditions on Interstate 70 near the westbound 24 mile marker caused a vehicle to lose control and strike a tree. 3 adults died from the collision while a minor sustained non-life-threatening injuries.
- Heavy Snow12/16/2019
Marion
30 injured, $300K damage
What happened
Snowfall measurements around Marion county ranged from 7 to 8.7 inches. The highest amount was across the northeastern portions of the county. The official measurement for the city of Indianapolis was 7.6 inches. The Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department and State Police responded to at least 300 crashes across the county with at least 30 causing injuries.
Hurricanes and tropical storms
Storms whose track crossed the state, newest first
- Hurricane Helene (2024)09/23/2024 · Landfall: FL · 939 mbCategory 4138 mph peak
- Hurricane Beryl (2024)06/28/2024 · Landfall: TX · 932 mbCategory 5167 mph peak
- Hurricane Laura (2020)08/20/2020 · Landfall: LA · 937 mbCategory 4150 mph peak
- Tropical Storm Olga (2019)10/25/2019 · 992 mbTropical storm52 mph peak
- Tropical Storm Alberto (2018)05/25/2018 · Landfall: FL · 990 mbTropical storm63 mph peak
- Tropical Storm Bill (2015)06/16/2015 · Landfall: TX · 997 mbTropical storm58 mph peak
- Hurricane Ike (2008)09/01/2008 · Landfall: TX · 935 mbCategory 4144 mph peak
- Hurricane Gustav (2008)08/25/2008 · Landfall: LA · 941 mbCategory 4155 mph peak
- Hurricane Katrina (2005)08/24/2005 · Landfall: FL, LA · 902 mbCategory 5173 mph peak
- Hurricane Dennis (2005)07/05/2005 · Landfall: FL · 930 mbCategory 4150 mph peak
Flood insurance
National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims
13,093 homes in Indiana have flood insurance, about 0.5% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 9,662 of 58,196 homes (17%) are insured.
- Storm$52.93M · 1,417 claims
- Hurricane Ike$32.98M · 876 claims
- Flooding$22.91M · 2,755 claims
- Central U.S. April Flooding$15.05M · 306 claims
- 2026-08-Indiana-Flooding$7.32M · 446 claims
- Mid-spring storms$5.49M · 336 claims
Drinking water
767 community water systems serve about 5,241,495 people
Since 2021, 184 systems reported 444 health-based violations. 160 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:
- Salt Creek Services, INC.Serves 90 · Surface water · Local government22 health violations+7 monitoring or reporting
- Montezuma Municipal UtilityServes 1,022 · Groundwater · Local government17 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
- Oolitic Water WorksServes 1,315 · Purchased surface water · Local government12 health violations+8 monitoring or reporting
- Westport Water CompanyServes 1,725 · Surface water · Local government11 health violations+46 monitoring or reporting
- Glenwood Water WorksServes 313 · Groundwater · Local government11 health violations+2 monitoring or reporting
- Salem Water WorksServes 8,200 · Surface water · Local government10 health violations+12 monitoring or reporting
- Poseyville Municipal Water DepartmentServes 1,400 · Groundwater · Local government10 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
- Michiana Estates LLC - Water SystemServes 35 · Groundwater · Private10 health violations+72 monitoring or reporting
Select a county above to see every system that serves it.
Climate in the largest cities
1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station
| City | July high | Jan low | Rain | Snow |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indianapolis | 84°F | 19°F | 44.6 in | - |
| Fort Wayne | 84°F | 18°F | 39.5 in | 33.6 in |
| Evansville | 89°F | 27°F | 47.8 in | - |
| South Bend | 83°F | 17°F | 40.9 in | - |
| Fishers | 84°F | 19°F | 44.4 in | - |
| Bloomington | 85°F | 21°F | 49.4 in | 17.5 in |
| Hammond | 84°F | 15°F | 42.1 in | 28.2 in |
| Lafayette | 84°F | 18°F | 37.0 in | - |
Pollution sites
53 Superfund sites and 885 toxic release facilities
Superfund sites
- American Chemical Service, Inc.Final NPL Site, Griffith
- Beck's LakeFinal NPL Site, South Bend
- Broadway Street Corridor Groundwater ContaminationFinal NPL Site, Anderson
- Cam-Or Inc.Final NPL Site, Westville
- Cliff Drive Groundwater ContaminationFinal NPL Site, Logansport
- Conrail Rail Yard (Elkhart)Final NPL Site, Elkhart
- Continental Steel Corp.Final NPL Site, Kokomo
- Douglas Road/Uniroyal, Inc., LandfillFinal NPL Site, Mishawaka
Largest toxic releases
- Uss Gary Works19.2 million lbs, Gary
- Waelz Sustainable Products LLC14.3 million lbs, Logansport
- Cleveland-Cliffs Burns Harbor LLC10.4 million lbs, Burns Harbor
- BP Products Na Whiting Business Unit8.6 million lbs, Whiting
- Cleveland-Cliffs Steel Corp (Rockport Works )7.1 million lbs, Rockport
- Heritage Environmental Services LLC5.5 million lbs, Indianapolis
- Gibson Generating Station3.2 million lbs, Owensville
- Ecobat Resources Indiana LLC3.0 million lbs, Indianapolis
Facilities in Indiana reported 114.7 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 27.1 million lbs of it into the air.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the biggest natural hazard in Indiana?
- By expected annual loss, tornado costs the most in Indiana ($422M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
- How many storms hit Indiana each year?
- NOAA recorded 37,605 storm events in Indiana since 1996, about 1,213 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
- How many homes in Indiana have flood insurance?
- 13,093 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Indiana. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $309M on 19,554 claims here.
- How many Superfund sites are in Indiana?
- Indiana has 53 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.
Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.