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Indiana Environment & Hazard Risk

2 counties rated high or very high risk. 37,605 storm events since 1996, #23 among states.

Expected yearly loss
$2.37B
$350 per person
Storm events since 1996
37,605
Most often thunderstorm wind
Flood insurance policies
13,093
$309M in claims paid
Superfund sites
53
885 toxic release facilities

Risk by county

FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first

CountyOverall riskTop hazardFlood policiesFlood claims paid
Marion CountyHighTornado2,066$18.89M
Lake CountyHighCold wave857$49.46M
Vanderburgh CountyModerateEarthquake461$7.46M
Allen CountyModerateStrong wind507$15.77M
Hamilton CountyModerateTornado523$5.87M
St. Joseph CountyModerateCold wave232$1.34M
Elkhart CountyModerateStrong wind340$3.85M
Vigo CountyModerateStrong wind489$17.38M
Tippecanoe CountyModerateCold wave177$3.22M
Porter CountyModerateTornado118$2.28M
Clark CountyModerateStrong wind481$17.46M
LaPorte CountyLowCold wave140$817K
Madison CountyLowStrong wind206$3.67M
Hendricks CountyLowWinter weather152$696K
Delaware CountyLowTornado323$3.81M
Monroe CountyLowStrong wind169$3.79M
Floyd CountyLowStrong wind155$4.4M
Johnson CountyLowStrong wind360$12.63M
Wayne CountyLowTornado78$1.19M
Bartholomew CountyLowTornado388$14.99M
Grant CountyLowTornado66$1.71M
Kosciusko CountyLowStrong wind474$4.7M
Warrick CountyLowEarthquake130$651K
Howard CountyLowStrong wind142$9.77M
Morgan CountyLowLandslide218$8.69M
LaGrange CountyLowStrong wind172$627K
Dubois CountyLowEarthquake35$381K
Daviess CountyLowEarthquake15$213K
Cass CountyLowStrong wind87$841K
Knox CountyLowEarthquake59$1.01M
Jackson CountyLowStrong wind147$1.05M
Miami CountyLowStrong wind52$196K
Adams CountyLowStrong wind44$1.31M
Harrison CountyLowTornado61$8.56M
Jefferson CountyLowLandslide76$5.51M
Gibson CountyLowDrought26$506K
Lawrence CountyLowStrong wind32$1.03M
Ripley CountyLowStrong wind11$120K
Posey CountyLowEarthquake106$2.3M
Dearborn CountyLowLandslide38$2.03M
Henry CountyLowTornado48$601K
Noble CountyLowStrong wind192$2.79M
Hancock CountyLowTornado186$1.01M
Shelby CountyLowTornado204$3.07M
Boone CountyLowHail162$645K
Putnam CountyLowStrong wind35$504K
Greene CountyVery LowLandslide45$141K
Marshall CountyVery LowLightning46$1.56M
DeKalb CountyVery LowStrong wind56$1.55M
Montgomery CountyVery LowStrong wind32$374K
Wabash CountyVery LowTornado67$473K
Washington CountyVery LowTornado9$2.74M
Orange CountyVery LowTornado29$1.33M
Spencer CountyVery LowEarthquake84$408K
White CountyVery LowCold wave119$4.99M
Huntington CountyVery LowStrong wind44$1.1M
Owen CountyVery LowLandslide47$3.59M
Perry CountyVery LowStrong wind42$298K
Franklin CountyVery LowLandslide29$839K
Fayette CountyVery LowTornado51$498K
Jasper CountyVery LowCold wave107$1.61M
Jennings CountyVery LowLandslide21$102K
Randolph CountyVery LowTornado62$143K
Clinton CountyVery LowHail44$372K
Carroll CountyVery LowDrought209$17.33M
Parke CountyVery LowLandslide16$348K
Steuben CountyVery LowHail105$151K
Clay CountyVery LowEarthquake31$539K
Crawford CountyVery LowTornado19$2.18M
Starke CountyVery LowCold wave49$357K
Whitley CountyVery LowDrought70$157K
Vermillion CountyVery LowEarthquake47$411K
Decatur CountyVery LowLightning24$831K
Jay CountyVery LowTornado13$523K
Wells CountyVery LowTornado37$757K
Scott CountyVery LowTornado20$210K
Fountain CountyVery LowLightning8$33.65K
Sullivan CountyVery LowEarthquake4$42.21K
Fulton CountyVery LowDrought35$2.17M
Brown CountyVery LowIce storm71$5.03M
Pike CountyVery LowEarthquake4$44K
Rush CountyVery LowTornado33$205K
Martin CountyVery LowEarthquake7$212K
Newton CountyVery LowCold wave48$422K
Switzerland CountyVery LowLandslide56$1.7M
Pulaski CountyVery LowCold wave51$2.64M
Blackford CountyVery LowTornado4$1,516
Tipton CountyVery LowDrought126$1.76M
Warren CountyVery LowLandslide2$1,983
Union CountyVery LowStrong wind1$50.52K
Benton CountyVery LowCold wave--
Ohio CountyVery LowLandslide29$111K

Costliest hazards

Expected annual loss in Indiana, all counties combined

  • Tornado$422M/yr · 13 counties high
  • Cold wave$255M/yr · 7 counties high
  • Earthquake$166M/yr
  • Strong wind$119M/yr · 23 counties high
  • Heat wave$74.67M/yr · 1 county high
  • Hail$51.23M/yr · 1 county high
  • Lightning$24.55M/yr · 4 counties high
  • Drought$21.12M/yr · 1 county high
  • Winter weather$12.34M/yr · 10 counties high
  • Ice storm$10.56M/yr · 2 counties high

Storm events by type

Since 1996: 351 deaths, $3.25B in property and crop damage

  • Thunderstorm Wind13,383 · 45 deaths
  • Hail6,352
  • Flood3,861 · 51 deaths
  • Flash Flood2,216 · 32 deaths
  • Winter Storm2,048 · 15 deaths
  • Winter Weather1,977 · 58 deaths
  • Heavy Snow1,269 · 7 deaths
  • Tornado1,078 · 55 deaths
  • High Wind924 · 8 deaths
  • Drought546
  • Dense Fog512 · 7 deaths
  • Strong Wind503 · 5 deaths

Events per year

Storm events per year in Indiana

Most damaging storms

Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage

  • TornadoEF3, 17.14 mi path, 700 yd wide03/15/2024

    Farmland, Randolph County

    1 death, 37 injured, $25M damage

    What happened

    The Selma tornado lifted in the open area and fields between|eastern Delaware county to near Farmland before redeveloping. As it|moved through Rural Randolph county it bent or snapped numerous|utility poles along State Road 32. Also, a large blade on one of|the wind turbines in the area was badly damaged.||As the tornado entered Winchester, it severely damaged many homes|and snapped and uprooted trees in a west-to-east path through|Winchester. There was clear evidence of the tornado`s rotational|circulation, with uprooted trees pointed to the east on the|immediate south side of the tornado, and to the northwest on the|immediate north side of the tornado. The damage pattern also|indicated the possibility of small multiple vortices rotating|around the main vortex. In the residential core of the town, the|maximum intensity of the tornado was estimated around 130 mph or|high-end EF2 strength.||The greatest damage in Winchester occurred on the east side of|town at the Taco Bell, as the anchored building was destroyed, as|was a church immediately east of the restaurant. In this|concentrated area, the NWS Team estimated maximum winds of 155-165|mph, or high- end EF3 damage. Maximum...

  • Flash Flood03/20/2020

    Laurel, Franklin County

    6 deaths, $100K damage

    What happened

    A bridge collapsed on Sanes Creek Road near Tee Hill Road due to flash flooding on Sanes Creek. Two vehicles were swept into the water, leading to six fatalities. M48VE, M47VE, F35VE, M13VE, F7VE, F4VE.

  • TornadoEF3, 13.25 mi path, 660 yd wide04/01/2023

    Riverton, Sullivan County

    3 deaths, 8 injured, $18.16M damage

    What happened

    This was the rotating supercell's first tornado, having traversed through Illinois for nearly 28 miles, producing EF3 damage before entering Indiana. The tornado crossed the Wabash River, entering Sullivan County 1.8 miles south of Merom. Near Merom, the tornado severely damaged 3 homes and destroyed a modular home which was thrown at least 200 yards to destruction. Two occupants of this home were killed. Also, a large trailer and several cars were thrown tens of yards from their resting location. The violent winds sheared off trees approximately 20 to 30 feet above ground.||The tornado continued across southern portions of the City of Sullivan. Dozens of homes and structures were severely damaged or destroyed, indicating the strongest winds of the tornado's entire 41-mile track that peaked near 165 mph. The tornado continued to locations immediately south-southeast, and then southeast of Sullivan, destroying at least 3 additional homes, including a modular home which was thrown at least 150 yards. One occupant of this home was killed, while the other was injured. Many trees were again sheared 20 to 30 feet off the ground. Continuing to the east-northeast, the...

  • Flash Flood06/19/2021

    Arlington, Monroe County

    1 death, 1 injured, $25M damage

    What happened

    A 31 year old male was swept away in a vehicle in floodwaters from clear creek near the intersection of College Avenue and Dodds Street. Another person of unknown age and sex was also in the vehicle at the time but was able to escape with only minor injuries. Numerous videos and pictures showed standing water along portions of the downtown including Walnut Street. Many businesses in the area remained shut down for a week to clean up issues related to the flood waters. Water rushed into a nursing home which required the building to evacuate.

  • Winter Weather01/08/2022

    Clay

    3 deaths, 1 injured, $25K damage

    What happened

    Indiana State Police relayed through media that icy conditions on Interstate 70 near the westbound 24 mile marker caused a vehicle to lose control and strike a tree. 3 adults died from the collision while a minor sustained non-life-threatening injuries.

  • Heavy Snow12/16/2019

    Marion

    30 injured, $300K damage

    What happened

    Snowfall measurements around Marion county ranged from 7 to 8.7 inches. The highest amount was across the northeastern portions of the county. The official measurement for the city of Indianapolis was 7.6 inches. The Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department and State Police responded to at least 300 crashes across the county with at least 30 causing injuries.

Hurricanes and tropical storms

Storms whose track crossed the state, newest first

Flood insurance

National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims

13,093 homes in Indiana have flood insurance, about 0.5% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 9,662 of 58,196 homes (17%) are insured.

Flood claims paid per year in Indiana
  • Storm$52.93M · 1,417 claims
  • Hurricane Ike$32.98M · 876 claims
  • Flooding$22.91M · 2,755 claims
  • Central U.S. April Flooding$15.05M · 306 claims
  • 2026-08-Indiana-Flooding$7.32M · 446 claims
  • Mid-spring storms$5.49M · 336 claims

Drinking water

767 community water systems serve about 5,241,495 people

Since 2021, 184 systems reported 444 health-based violations. 160 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:

Select a county above to see every system that serves it.

Climate in the largest cities

1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station

CityJuly highJan lowRainSnow
Indianapolis84°F19°F44.6 in-
Fort Wayne84°F18°F39.5 in33.6 in
Evansville89°F27°F47.8 in-
South Bend83°F17°F40.9 in-
Fishers84°F19°F44.4 in-
Bloomington85°F21°F49.4 in17.5 in
Hammond84°F15°F42.1 in28.2 in
Lafayette84°F18°F37.0 in-

Pollution sites

53 Superfund sites and 885 toxic release facilities

Superfund sites

All 53 in Indiana

Largest toxic releases

All 885 in Indiana

Facilities in Indiana reported 114.7 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 27.1 million lbs of it into the air.

Frequently asked questions

What is the biggest natural hazard in Indiana?
By expected annual loss, tornado costs the most in Indiana ($422M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
How many storms hit Indiana each year?
NOAA recorded 37,605 storm events in Indiana since 1996, about 1,213 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
How many homes in Indiana have flood insurance?
13,093 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Indiana. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $309M on 19,554 claims here.
How many Superfund sites are in Indiana?
Indiana has 53 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.

Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.