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Illinois Environment & Hazard Risk

6 counties rated high or very high risk. 60,260 storm events since 1996, #6 among states.

Expected yearly loss
$6.41B
$501 per person
Storm events since 1996
60,260
Most often thunderstorm wind
Flood insurance policies
21,080
$584M in claims paid
Superfund sites
56
942 toxic release facilities

Risk by county

FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first

CountyOverall riskTop hazardFlood policiesFlood claims paid
Cook CountyVery HighCold wave6,353$140M
DuPage CountyHighCold wave1,772$55.6M
Will CountyHighCold wave1,026$21.1M
Lake CountyHighCold wave1,857$28.74M
St. Clair CountyHighHeat wave1,007$7.81M
Kane CountyHighCold wave634$11.61M
Madison CountyModerateHeat wave824$7.98M
Winnebago CountyModerateCold wave585$27.31M
Sangamon CountyModerateTornado167$3.75M
McHenry CountyModerateCold wave764$7.65M
Peoria CountyModerateCold wave302$23.61M
Champaign CountyModerateCold wave157$2.07M
Kankakee CountyModerateCold wave300$10.24M
Jackson CountyModerateStrong wind112$2.09M
McLean CountyModerateCold wave112$1.7M
LaSalle CountyModerateCold wave222$12.69M
Williamson CountyModerateStrong wind141$2.11M
Tazewell CountyModerateCold wave115$1.93M
Rock Island CountyModerateCold wave668$20.22M
Macon CountyModerateCold wave87$1.43M
Franklin CountyLowEarthquake48$549K
DeKalb CountyLowCold wave152$4.56M
Kendall CountyLowCold wave101$3.14M
Macoupin CountyLowEarthquake11$272K
Vermilion CountyLowCold wave43$2.18M
Randolph CountyLowEarthquake130$2.69M
Jefferson CountyLowEarthquake20$262K
Marion CountyLowEarthquake18$548K
Iroquois CountyLowCold wave255$16.9M
Stephenson CountyLowHail48$3.56M
Perry CountyLowEarthquake10$64.58K
Livingston CountyLowCold wave157$2.01M
Morgan CountyLowCold wave77$1.58M
Ogle CountyLowHail140$3.53M
Coles CountyLowDrought57$710K
Saline CountyLowEarthquake82$487K
Grundy CountyLowCold wave161$6.41M
Whiteside CountyLowDrought158$2.3M
Clinton CountyLowEarthquake39$646K
Montgomery CountyLowEarthquake3$288K
Adams CountyLowHeat wave74$13.75M
Bureau CountyLowDrought49$244K
Douglas CountyLowHail95$1.16M
Massac CountyLowEarthquake134$2.4M
Fulton CountyLowHail25$2.82M
Logan CountyLowDrought41$113K
Boone CountyLowHail62$271K
Knox CountyLowStrong wind29$392K
Henry CountyLowStrong wind110$1.67M
Union CountyLowEarthquake46$443K
Washington CountyLowEarthquake6$174K
Lee CountyLowStrong wind93$730K
White CountyLowEarthquake56$1.49M
Christian CountyLowDrought18$198K
Effingham CountyLowEarthquake11$52.26K
Shelby CountyLowDrought1$64.19K
Jo Daviess CountyLowLandslide46$3.92M
Johnson CountyLowEarthquake5$19.82K
Lawrence CountyLowDrought12$272K
Pulaski CountyLowEarthquake23$168K
Fayette CountyLowEarthquake2$4,323
Richland CountyLowEarthquake6$199K
Moultrie CountyLowDrought35$121K
Alexander CountyLowEarthquake112$3.23M
Mason CountyLowDrought42$3.41M
Monroe CountyVery LowHeat wave135$22.72M
Clay CountyVery LowDrought8$28.58K
Wayne CountyVery LowHeat wave14$71.38K
Woodford CountyVery LowCold wave103$5.11M
Carroll CountyVery LowDrought15$807K
Cass CountyVery LowCold wave126$980K
McDonough CountyVery LowDrought8$133K
Crawford CountyVery LowEarthquake20$538K
Bond CountyVery LowEarthquake5$282K
Piatt CountyVery LowDrought26$364K
Edgar CountyVery LowDrought9$41.92K
Gallatin CountyVery LowEarthquake25$870K
Hancock CountyVery LowDrought48$5.88M
Hamilton CountyVery LowEarthquake-$37.44K
Pike CountyVery LowLandslide88$7.17M
De Witt CountyVery LowDrought23$377K
Menard CountyVery LowDrought9$162K
Clark CountyVery LowEarthquake6$209K
Marshall CountyVery LowDrought22$737K
Ford CountyVery LowCold wave6$3,539
Edwards CountyVery LowDrought--
Cumberland CountyVery LowDrought2$12.61K
Wabash CountyVery LowEarthquake8$30.38K
Jasper CountyVery LowDrought4$161K
Jersey CountyVery LowLandslide72$24.38M
Henderson CountyVery LowDrought75$11.53M
Warren CountyVery LowDrought26$193K
Pope CountyVery LowEarthquake--
Greene CountyVery LowLandslide10$1.51M
Schuyler CountyVery LowLandslide8$327K
Putnam CountyVery LowDrought10$1.09M
Mercer CountyVery LowDrought15$1.35M
Hardin CountyVery LowEarthquake5$210K
Stark CountyVery LowDrought6-
Calhoun CountyVery LowLandslide77$16.79M
Brown CountyVery LowLandslide4$438K
Scott CountyVery LowDrought14$132K

Costliest hazards

Expected annual loss in Illinois, all counties combined

  • Cold wave$1.39B/yr · 26 counties high
  • Tornado$876M/yr · 14 counties high
  • Earthquake$470M/yr · 1 county high
  • Heat wave$359M/yr · 3 counties high
  • Strong wind$154M/yr · 33 counties high
  • Hail$85.54M/yr · 7 counties high
  • Drought$83.18M/yr · 10 counties high
  • Lightning$37.3M/yr · 12 counties high
  • Winter weather$16.14M/yr · 15 counties high
  • Ice storm$15.37M/yr · 4 counties high

Storm events by type

Since 1996: 984 deaths, $7.22B in property and crop damage

  • Thunderstorm Wind18,403 · 25 deaths
  • Hail10,625
  • Flash Flood3,348 · 28 deaths
  • Flood3,229 · 34 deaths
  • Winter Storm2,927 · 24 deaths
  • Winter Weather2,917 · 48 deaths
  • Tornado2,367 · 54 deaths
  • Dense Fog2,188 · 10 deaths
  • Heat2,051 · 363 deaths
  • Drought1,586
  • Heavy Snow1,512 · 16 deaths
  • Strong Wind1,505 · 8 deaths

Events per year

Storm events per year in Illinois

Most damaging storms

Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage

  • Flash Flood07/02/2023

    Evanston, Cook County

    $500M damage

    What happened

    Throughout much of central Cook County including Chicago and nearby suburbs, very heavy rainfall caused widespread flash flooding of roadways and structures. During a 12-hour period from 3 AM to 3 PM CST, storm total rainfall in Cook County ranged from 1-9 inches, with the highest amounts in central Cook County near the border of Chicago, Cicero, and Oak Park. The magnitude of this rainfall ranged from typical to extreme, with the peak rainfall estimated to have less than a 0.2% chance of occurring in a given year. Two distinct waves of heavy rainfall occurred in the Chicago area during this event, with each period of heavy rainfall corresponding to significant flooding.||The first wave of heavy rainfall impacted the Chicago area from 4:30 AM to 11 AM CST. Within a few hours numerous residential streets were flooded and I-290 (Eisenhower Expressway) was blocked in multiple locations, as well as a stretch of I-55 (Stevenson Expressway) near Pulaski Road. Multiple water rescues were reported, most of which occurred at underpasses in Chicago and the immediate western suburbs. Runoff quickly entered the deep tunnel system and mostly filled McCook Reservoir, greatly reducing storage...

  • Flash Flood08/17/2025

    Hegewisch, Cook County

    $230M damage

    What happened

    Roughly 40,000 structures sustained flood damage around the city of Chicago. The greatest impacts were felt across the southwest side near and east of Midway Airport, but reports came in from all across the city. Chicago alone accounted for approximately $230 million in flood damages.

  • Flash Flood07/25/2025

    Burr Ridge, Cook County

    $200M damage

    What happened

    Flash flooding was widespread across a narrow corridor in central Cook County roughly along and south of Interstate 55 with the heaviest rain falling near Midway Airport. An estimated 30,000 basements were flooded in Chicago, including in Chicago Lawn, West Lawn, Elsdon, Clearing, Garfield Ridge and Gage Park. Approximately 100 structures were damaged or destroyed from the flooding. Numerous roads and viaducts were flooded and closed. A person was reported trapped in a car that was stuck in a flooded viaduct near Gage Park, who needed to be rescued. Two to three feet of flood waters were reported on 47th Street between South Halsted Street and South Morgan Street. In Washington Park, an underpass was flooded on South Street with a vehicle stuck in the flood waters.||In Bridgeview, waist high flood waters were reported on neighborhood streets from 79th Street to 83rd Street. Flood waters 6 to 18 inches deep were reported on streets from 71th Street to 84th Street just east of Harlem Avenue. There were over a dozen water rescues in Bridgeview. In Justice, multiple streets were flooded with several inches of water. At least one car was stuck in the flood waters....

  • TornadoEF3, 12.49 mi path, 900 yd wide12/02/2018

    Palmer, Christian County

    22 injured, $119M damage

    What happened

    A tornado touched down about 3.2 miles east-southeast of Morrisonville at 5:01 PM CST. It hit a farmstead, destroying 3 barns and severely damaging 4 other out buildings. The tornado was rated EF2 at this location with maximum wind speeds of 112 mph. The tornado continued moving northeastward, hitting several other outbuildings and snapping trees. The tree and outbuilding damage was classified as EF1 damage with wind speeds of 100-110mph. As the tornado continued to the northeast it snapped more large trees and then hit a log home, removing 25-50% of the roof material. It also snapped many other trees on this property and destroyed a couple of small outbuildings, throwing the debris northward into a field. The tornado was rated EF2 at this location with wind speeds of 115mph. The tornado continued northeastward and moved into a wooded area, snapping and uprooting hundreds of trees along its path. It then curved north-northeastward and moved into Hewittville, a small community on the southern edge of Taylorville. Here the tornado destroyed or severely damaged multiple houses. The first house the tornado hit lost most exterior walls and the entire roof, except for the roof over...

  • Dust Storm05/01/2023

    Montgomery

    8 deaths, 37 injured

    What happened

    Northwest winds gusting from 35-40 mph lofted dust from newly plowed farm fields resulting in near zero visibility across portions of northern Montgomery County in Illinois. The blowing dust significantly reduced visibility across portions of I-55 from Zanesville (Exit 63) north to Glenarm (Exit 83 ��� Sangamon County in WFO ILX), causing major accidents and resultant road closures. The first accident occurred around 10:55 am. Seventy-two vehicles were involved in the crashes that occurred in Montgomery County with 8 deaths, which happened along a 6-mile stretch of I-55 (between mile markers 72 and 78). Two semi trucks also caught fire. Also, 37 people, ages 2 to 80, were transported to area hospitals with injuries ranging from minor to critical.

  • TornadoEF3, 4.22 mi path, 300 yd wide12/11/2021

    Mitchell, Madison County

    6 deaths, 1 injured, $5M damage

    What happened

    The tornado began on the south side of I-270 around three-quarters of a mile west of the I-270/I-255 interchange at 8:27 PM CST. Damage in this area consisted of several downed highway signs and a bent light pole. The tornado moved northeast and intensified rapidly after crossing I-255, striking an Amazon warehouse. The west-facing walls of the warehouse collapsed inward, which was followed by multiple structural failures as the tornado moved through the complex, including the collapse of additional walls and the loss of a large segment of the roof. This was the worst damage along the entire tornado track rated EF-3. Cars in the rear of the building were strewn eastward and power lines and several large high tension towers were also destroyed. There was one person injured and 6 fatalities at the Amazon facility. The tornado weakened as it moved northeast across Sand Road, where it destroyed an unanchored mobile home and an outbuilding, snapped trees, and downed power poles. Damage in this area was rated EF-1. Further northeast, the tornado crossed South University Drive where it snapped a power pole and downed additional trees. It then crossed into the Sunset Hills Country Club...

Hurricanes and tropical storms

Storms whose track crossed the state, newest first

Flood insurance

National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims

21,080 homes in Illinois have flood insurance, about 0.5% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 14,390 of 57,540 homes (25%) are insured.

Flood claims paid per year in Illinois
  • Mid-spring storms$96.13M · 4,241 claims
  • Flooding$68.87M · 9,845 claims
  • Midwest Flooding$57.6M · 2,739 claims
  • Hurricane Ike$54.67M · 2,797 claims
  • Early winter storms$4.08M · 293 claims
  • Late July Flooding$1.66M · 82 claims

Drinking water

1,788 community water systems serve about 12,097,801 people

Since 2021, 342 systems reported 709 health-based violations. 478 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:

  • Country Acres Mhp (La Salle County)Serves 222 · Groundwater · Private26 health violations+7 monitoring or reporting
  • VermontServes 738 · Surface water · Local government18 health violations+9 monitoring or reporting
  • Land and Wtr AssnServes 83 · Groundwater · Private15 health violations+4 monitoring or reporting
  • DonnellsonServes 216 · Purchased surface water · Local government14 health violations+19 monitoring or reporting
  • SecorServes 351 · Groundwater · Local government12 health violations+9 monitoring or reporting
  • Seneca Mobile Homes LLCServes 10 · Groundwater · Private12 health violations+5 monitoring or reporting
  • SteelevilleServes 1,960 · Groundwater · Local government9 health violations+37 monitoring or reporting
  • ComptonServes 279 · Groundwater · Local government9 health violations+2 monitoring or reporting

Select a county above to see every system that serves it.

Climate in the largest cities

1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station

CityJuly highJan lowRainSnow
Chicago81°F20°F--
Aurora84°F16°F39.5 in27.9 in
Naperville86°F17°F39.9 in24.3 in
Joliet84°F17°F38.0 in16.9 in
Rockford84°F15°F37.2 in37.1 in
Elgin84°F14°F39.9 in32.1 in
Springfield86°F19°F40.4 in-
Peoria86°F18°F37.6 in26.2 in

Pollution sites

56 Superfund sites and 942 toxic release facilities

Superfund sites

All 56 in Illinois

Largest toxic releases

All 942 in Illinois

Facilities in Illinois reported 53.8 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 17.3 million lbs of it into the air.

Frequently asked questions

What is the biggest natural hazard in Illinois?
By expected annual loss, cold wave costs the most in Illinois ($1.39B a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
How many storms hit Illinois each year?
NOAA recorded 60,260 storm events in Illinois since 1996, about 1,944 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
How many homes in Illinois have flood insurance?
21,080 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Illinois. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $584M on 51,163 claims here.
How many Superfund sites are in Illinois?
Illinois has 56 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.

Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.