Illinois Environment & Hazard Risk
6 counties rated high or very high risk. 60,260 storm events since 1996, #6 among states.
- Expected yearly loss
- $6.41B
- $501 per person
- Storm events since 1996
- 60,260
- Most often thunderstorm wind
- Flood insurance policies
- 21,080
- $584M in claims paid
- Superfund sites
- 56
- 942 toxic release facilities
Risk by county
FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first
| County | Overall risk | Top hazard | Flood policies | Flood claims paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cook County | Very High | Cold wave | 6,353 | $140M |
| DuPage County | High | Cold wave | 1,772 | $55.6M |
| Will County | High | Cold wave | 1,026 | $21.1M |
| Lake County | High | Cold wave | 1,857 | $28.74M |
| St. Clair County | High | Heat wave | 1,007 | $7.81M |
| Kane County | High | Cold wave | 634 | $11.61M |
| Madison County | Moderate | Heat wave | 824 | $7.98M |
| Winnebago County | Moderate | Cold wave | 585 | $27.31M |
| Sangamon County | Moderate | Tornado | 167 | $3.75M |
| McHenry County | Moderate | Cold wave | 764 | $7.65M |
| Peoria County | Moderate | Cold wave | 302 | $23.61M |
| Champaign County | Moderate | Cold wave | 157 | $2.07M |
| Kankakee County | Moderate | Cold wave | 300 | $10.24M |
| Jackson County | Moderate | Strong wind | 112 | $2.09M |
| McLean County | Moderate | Cold wave | 112 | $1.7M |
| LaSalle County | Moderate | Cold wave | 222 | $12.69M |
| Williamson County | Moderate | Strong wind | 141 | $2.11M |
| Tazewell County | Moderate | Cold wave | 115 | $1.93M |
| Rock Island County | Moderate | Cold wave | 668 | $20.22M |
| Macon County | Moderate | Cold wave | 87 | $1.43M |
| Franklin County | Low | Earthquake | 48 | $549K |
| DeKalb County | Low | Cold wave | 152 | $4.56M |
| Kendall County | Low | Cold wave | 101 | $3.14M |
| Macoupin County | Low | Earthquake | 11 | $272K |
| Vermilion County | Low | Cold wave | 43 | $2.18M |
| Randolph County | Low | Earthquake | 130 | $2.69M |
| Jefferson County | Low | Earthquake | 20 | $262K |
| Marion County | Low | Earthquake | 18 | $548K |
| Iroquois County | Low | Cold wave | 255 | $16.9M |
| Stephenson County | Low | Hail | 48 | $3.56M |
| Perry County | Low | Earthquake | 10 | $64.58K |
| Livingston County | Low | Cold wave | 157 | $2.01M |
| Morgan County | Low | Cold wave | 77 | $1.58M |
| Ogle County | Low | Hail | 140 | $3.53M |
| Coles County | Low | Drought | 57 | $710K |
| Saline County | Low | Earthquake | 82 | $487K |
| Grundy County | Low | Cold wave | 161 | $6.41M |
| Whiteside County | Low | Drought | 158 | $2.3M |
| Clinton County | Low | Earthquake | 39 | $646K |
| Montgomery County | Low | Earthquake | 3 | $288K |
| Adams County | Low | Heat wave | 74 | $13.75M |
| Bureau County | Low | Drought | 49 | $244K |
| Douglas County | Low | Hail | 95 | $1.16M |
| Massac County | Low | Earthquake | 134 | $2.4M |
| Fulton County | Low | Hail | 25 | $2.82M |
| Logan County | Low | Drought | 41 | $113K |
| Boone County | Low | Hail | 62 | $271K |
| Knox County | Low | Strong wind | 29 | $392K |
| Henry County | Low | Strong wind | 110 | $1.67M |
| Union County | Low | Earthquake | 46 | $443K |
| Washington County | Low | Earthquake | 6 | $174K |
| Lee County | Low | Strong wind | 93 | $730K |
| White County | Low | Earthquake | 56 | $1.49M |
| Christian County | Low | Drought | 18 | $198K |
| Effingham County | Low | Earthquake | 11 | $52.26K |
| Shelby County | Low | Drought | 1 | $64.19K |
| Jo Daviess County | Low | Landslide | 46 | $3.92M |
| Johnson County | Low | Earthquake | 5 | $19.82K |
| Lawrence County | Low | Drought | 12 | $272K |
| Pulaski County | Low | Earthquake | 23 | $168K |
| Fayette County | Low | Earthquake | 2 | $4,323 |
| Richland County | Low | Earthquake | 6 | $199K |
| Moultrie County | Low | Drought | 35 | $121K |
| Alexander County | Low | Earthquake | 112 | $3.23M |
| Mason County | Low | Drought | 42 | $3.41M |
| Monroe County | Very Low | Heat wave | 135 | $22.72M |
| Clay County | Very Low | Drought | 8 | $28.58K |
| Wayne County | Very Low | Heat wave | 14 | $71.38K |
| Woodford County | Very Low | Cold wave | 103 | $5.11M |
| Carroll County | Very Low | Drought | 15 | $807K |
| Cass County | Very Low | Cold wave | 126 | $980K |
| McDonough County | Very Low | Drought | 8 | $133K |
| Crawford County | Very Low | Earthquake | 20 | $538K |
| Bond County | Very Low | Earthquake | 5 | $282K |
| Piatt County | Very Low | Drought | 26 | $364K |
| Edgar County | Very Low | Drought | 9 | $41.92K |
| Gallatin County | Very Low | Earthquake | 25 | $870K |
| Hancock County | Very Low | Drought | 48 | $5.88M |
| Hamilton County | Very Low | Earthquake | - | $37.44K |
| Pike County | Very Low | Landslide | 88 | $7.17M |
| De Witt County | Very Low | Drought | 23 | $377K |
| Menard County | Very Low | Drought | 9 | $162K |
| Clark County | Very Low | Earthquake | 6 | $209K |
| Marshall County | Very Low | Drought | 22 | $737K |
| Ford County | Very Low | Cold wave | 6 | $3,539 |
| Edwards County | Very Low | Drought | - | - |
| Cumberland County | Very Low | Drought | 2 | $12.61K |
| Wabash County | Very Low | Earthquake | 8 | $30.38K |
| Jasper County | Very Low | Drought | 4 | $161K |
| Jersey County | Very Low | Landslide | 72 | $24.38M |
| Henderson County | Very Low | Drought | 75 | $11.53M |
| Warren County | Very Low | Drought | 26 | $193K |
| Pope County | Very Low | Earthquake | - | - |
| Greene County | Very Low | Landslide | 10 | $1.51M |
| Schuyler County | Very Low | Landslide | 8 | $327K |
| Putnam County | Very Low | Drought | 10 | $1.09M |
| Mercer County | Very Low | Drought | 15 | $1.35M |
| Hardin County | Very Low | Earthquake | 5 | $210K |
| Stark County | Very Low | Drought | 6 | - |
| Calhoun County | Very Low | Landslide | 77 | $16.79M |
| Brown County | Very Low | Landslide | 4 | $438K |
| Scott County | Very Low | Drought | 14 | $132K |
Costliest hazards
Expected annual loss in Illinois, all counties combined
- Cold wave$1.39B/yr · 26 counties high
- Tornado$876M/yr · 14 counties high
- Earthquake$470M/yr · 1 county high
- Heat wave$359M/yr · 3 counties high
- Strong wind$154M/yr · 33 counties high
- Hail$85.54M/yr · 7 counties high
- Drought$83.18M/yr · 10 counties high
- Lightning$37.3M/yr · 12 counties high
- Winter weather$16.14M/yr · 15 counties high
- Ice storm$15.37M/yr · 4 counties high
Storm events by type
Since 1996: 984 deaths, $7.22B in property and crop damage
- Thunderstorm Wind18,403 · 25 deaths
- Hail10,625
- Flash Flood3,348 · 28 deaths
- Flood3,229 · 34 deaths
- Winter Storm2,927 · 24 deaths
- Winter Weather2,917 · 48 deaths
- Tornado2,367 · 54 deaths
- Dense Fog2,188 · 10 deaths
- Heat2,051 · 363 deaths
- Drought1,586
- Heavy Snow1,512 · 16 deaths
- Strong Wind1,505 · 8 deaths
Events per year
Most damaging storms
Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage
- Flash Flood07/02/2023
Evanston, Cook County
$500M damage
What happened
Throughout much of central Cook County including Chicago and nearby suburbs, very heavy rainfall caused widespread flash flooding of roadways and structures. During a 12-hour period from 3 AM to 3 PM CST, storm total rainfall in Cook County ranged from 1-9 inches, with the highest amounts in central Cook County near the border of Chicago, Cicero, and Oak Park. The magnitude of this rainfall ranged from typical to extreme, with the peak rainfall estimated to have less than a 0.2% chance of occurring in a given year. Two distinct waves of heavy rainfall occurred in the Chicago area during this event, with each period of heavy rainfall corresponding to significant flooding.||The first wave of heavy rainfall impacted the Chicago area from 4:30 AM to 11 AM CST. Within a few hours numerous residential streets were flooded and I-290 (Eisenhower Expressway) was blocked in multiple locations, as well as a stretch of I-55 (Stevenson Expressway) near Pulaski Road. Multiple water rescues were reported, most of which occurred at underpasses in Chicago and the immediate western suburbs. Runoff quickly entered the deep tunnel system and mostly filled McCook Reservoir, greatly reducing storage...
- Flash Flood08/17/2025
Hegewisch, Cook County
$230M damage
What happened
Roughly 40,000 structures sustained flood damage around the city of Chicago. The greatest impacts were felt across the southwest side near and east of Midway Airport, but reports came in from all across the city. Chicago alone accounted for approximately $230 million in flood damages.
- Flash Flood07/25/2025
Burr Ridge, Cook County
$200M damage
What happened
Flash flooding was widespread across a narrow corridor in central Cook County roughly along and south of Interstate 55 with the heaviest rain falling near Midway Airport. An estimated 30,000 basements were flooded in Chicago, including in Chicago Lawn, West Lawn, Elsdon, Clearing, Garfield Ridge and Gage Park. Approximately 100 structures were damaged or destroyed from the flooding. Numerous roads and viaducts were flooded and closed. A person was reported trapped in a car that was stuck in a flooded viaduct near Gage Park, who needed to be rescued. Two to three feet of flood waters were reported on 47th Street between South Halsted Street and South Morgan Street. In Washington Park, an underpass was flooded on South Street with a vehicle stuck in the flood waters.||In Bridgeview, waist high flood waters were reported on neighborhood streets from 79th Street to 83rd Street. Flood waters 6 to 18 inches deep were reported on streets from 71th Street to 84th Street just east of Harlem Avenue. There were over a dozen water rescues in Bridgeview. In Justice, multiple streets were flooded with several inches of water. At least one car was stuck in the flood waters....
- TornadoEF3, 12.49 mi path, 900 yd wide12/02/2018
Palmer, Christian County
22 injured, $119M damage
What happened
A tornado touched down about 3.2 miles east-southeast of Morrisonville at 5:01 PM CST. It hit a farmstead, destroying 3 barns and severely damaging 4 other out buildings. The tornado was rated EF2 at this location with maximum wind speeds of 112 mph. The tornado continued moving northeastward, hitting several other outbuildings and snapping trees. The tree and outbuilding damage was classified as EF1 damage with wind speeds of 100-110mph. As the tornado continued to the northeast it snapped more large trees and then hit a log home, removing 25-50% of the roof material. It also snapped many other trees on this property and destroyed a couple of small outbuildings, throwing the debris northward into a field. The tornado was rated EF2 at this location with wind speeds of 115mph. The tornado continued northeastward and moved into a wooded area, snapping and uprooting hundreds of trees along its path. It then curved north-northeastward and moved into Hewittville, a small community on the southern edge of Taylorville. Here the tornado destroyed or severely damaged multiple houses. The first house the tornado hit lost most exterior walls and the entire roof, except for the roof over...
- Dust Storm05/01/2023
Montgomery
8 deaths, 37 injured
What happened
Northwest winds gusting from 35-40 mph lofted dust from newly plowed farm fields resulting in near zero visibility across portions of northern Montgomery County in Illinois. The blowing dust significantly reduced visibility across portions of I-55 from Zanesville (Exit 63) north to Glenarm (Exit 83 ��� Sangamon County in WFO ILX), causing major accidents and resultant road closures. The first accident occurred around 10:55 am. Seventy-two vehicles were involved in the crashes that occurred in Montgomery County with 8 deaths, which happened along a 6-mile stretch of I-55 (between mile markers 72 and 78). Two semi trucks also caught fire. Also, 37 people, ages 2 to 80, were transported to area hospitals with injuries ranging from minor to critical.
- TornadoEF3, 4.22 mi path, 300 yd wide12/11/2021
Mitchell, Madison County
6 deaths, 1 injured, $5M damage
What happened
The tornado began on the south side of I-270 around three-quarters of a mile west of the I-270/I-255 interchange at 8:27 PM CST. Damage in this area consisted of several downed highway signs and a bent light pole. The tornado moved northeast and intensified rapidly after crossing I-255, striking an Amazon warehouse. The west-facing walls of the warehouse collapsed inward, which was followed by multiple structural failures as the tornado moved through the complex, including the collapse of additional walls and the loss of a large segment of the roof. This was the worst damage along the entire tornado track rated EF-3. Cars in the rear of the building were strewn eastward and power lines and several large high tension towers were also destroyed. There was one person injured and 6 fatalities at the Amazon facility. The tornado weakened as it moved northeast across Sand Road, where it destroyed an unanchored mobile home and an outbuilding, snapped trees, and downed power poles. Damage in this area was rated EF-1. Further northeast, the tornado crossed South University Drive where it snapped a power pole and downed additional trees. It then crossed into the Sunset Hills Country Club...
Hurricanes and tropical storms
Storms whose track crossed the state, newest first
- Hurricane Beryl (2024)06/28/2024 · Landfall: TX · 932 mbCategory 5167 mph peak
- Hurricane Laura (2020)08/20/2020 · Landfall: LA · 937 mbCategory 4150 mph peak
- Tropical Storm Olga (2019)10/25/2019 · 992 mbTropical storm52 mph peak
- Tropical Storm Bill (2015)06/16/2015 · Landfall: TX · 997 mbTropical storm58 mph peak
- Hurricane Ike (2008)09/01/2008 · Landfall: TX · 935 mbCategory 4144 mph peak
- Hurricane Gustav (2008)08/25/2008 · Landfall: LA · 941 mbCategory 4155 mph peak
- Hurricane Rita (2005)09/18/2005 · Landfall: LA · 895 mbCategory 5178 mph peak
- Hurricane Dennis (2005)07/05/2005 · Landfall: FL · 930 mbCategory 4150 mph peak
- Hurricane Erin (1995)07/31/1995 · Landfall: FL · 973 mbCategory 298 mph peak
- Hurricane Gilbert (1988)09/09/1988 · 888 mbCategory 5184 mph peak
Flood insurance
National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims
21,080 homes in Illinois have flood insurance, about 0.5% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 14,390 of 57,540 homes (25%) are insured.
- Mid-spring storms$96.13M · 4,241 claims
- Flooding$68.87M · 9,845 claims
- Midwest Flooding$57.6M · 2,739 claims
- Hurricane Ike$54.67M · 2,797 claims
- Early winter storms$4.08M · 293 claims
- Late July Flooding$1.66M · 82 claims
Drinking water
1,788 community water systems serve about 12,097,801 people
Since 2021, 342 systems reported 709 health-based violations. 478 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:
- Country Acres Mhp (La Salle County)Serves 222 · Groundwater · Private26 health violations+7 monitoring or reporting
- VermontServes 738 · Surface water · Local government18 health violations+9 monitoring or reporting
- Land and Wtr AssnServes 83 · Groundwater · Private15 health violations+4 monitoring or reporting
- DonnellsonServes 216 · Purchased surface water · Local government14 health violations+19 monitoring or reporting
- SecorServes 351 · Groundwater · Local government12 health violations+9 monitoring or reporting
- Seneca Mobile Homes LLCServes 10 · Groundwater · Private12 health violations+5 monitoring or reporting
- SteelevilleServes 1,960 · Groundwater · Local government9 health violations+37 monitoring or reporting
- ComptonServes 279 · Groundwater · Local government9 health violations+2 monitoring or reporting
Select a county above to see every system that serves it.
Climate in the largest cities
1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station
| City | July high | Jan low | Rain | Snow |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicago | 81°F | 20°F | - | - |
| Aurora | 84°F | 16°F | 39.5 in | 27.9 in |
| Naperville | 86°F | 17°F | 39.9 in | 24.3 in |
| Joliet | 84°F | 17°F | 38.0 in | 16.9 in |
| Rockford | 84°F | 15°F | 37.2 in | 37.1 in |
| Elgin | 84°F | 14°F | 39.9 in | 32.1 in |
| Springfield | 86°F | 19°F | 40.4 in | - |
| Peoria | 86°F | 18°F | 37.6 in | 26.2 in |
Pollution sites
56 Superfund sites and 942 toxic release facilities
Superfund sites
- Acme Solvent Reclaiming, Inc. (Morristown Plant)Final NPL Site, Morristown
- Acme Steel Coke PlantFinal NPL Site, Chicago
- Adams County Quincy Landfills 2&3Final NPL Site, Quincy
- Amoco Chemicals (Joliet Landfill)Final NPL Site, Joliet
- Asarco Taylor SpringsFinal NPL Site, Taylor Springs
- Bautsch-Gray MineFinal NPL Site, Galena
- Beloit Corp.Final NPL Site, Rockton
- Byron Salvage YardFinal NPL Site, Byron
Largest toxic releases
- Wieland Metals Inc8.5 million lbs, Wheeling
- Prairie State Generating Co6.7 million lbs, Marissa
- Wood River Refinery2.8 million lbs, Roxana
- ADM Decatur Complex2.7 million lbs, Decatur
- Viscofan USA Inc2.5 million lbs, Danville
- Tyson Fresh Meats Inc - Joslin Il1.7 million lbs, Hillsdale
- East Dubuque Nitrogen Fertilizers LLC1.6 million lbs, East Dubuque
- Jbs/Swift Pork Co1.4 million lbs, Beardstown
Facilities in Illinois reported 53.8 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 17.3 million lbs of it into the air.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the biggest natural hazard in Illinois?
- By expected annual loss, cold wave costs the most in Illinois ($1.39B a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
- How many storms hit Illinois each year?
- NOAA recorded 60,260 storm events in Illinois since 1996, about 1,944 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
- How many homes in Illinois have flood insurance?
- 21,080 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Illinois. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $584M on 51,163 claims here.
- How many Superfund sites are in Illinois?
- Illinois has 56 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.
Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.