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Michigan Environment & Hazard Risk

3 counties rated high or very high risk. 31,517 storm events since 1996, #27 among states.

Expected yearly loss
$2.9B
$283 per person
Storm events since 1996
31,517
Most often thunderstorm wind
Flood insurance policies
16,036
$150M in claims paid
Superfund sites
90
769 toxic release facilities

Risk by county

FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first

CountyOverall riskTop hazardFlood policiesFlood claims paid
Wayne CountyHighCold wave3,357$13.7M
Oakland CountyHighTornado1,096$5.5M
Macomb CountyHighTornado1,360$9M
Kent CountyModerateStrong wind555$10.4M
Genesee CountyModerateTornado330$3.3M
Washtenaw CountyModerateStrong wind416$1.6M
Saginaw CountyModerateWinter weather841$11.8M
Ingham CountyModerateStrong wind608$2.4M
Ottawa CountyModerateStrong wind318$3.4M
Monroe CountyModerateStrong wind822$9.9M
St. Clair CountyModerateCold wave1,248$5.2M
Berrien CountyModerateStrong wind304$4.4M
Kalamazoo CountyModerateHail172$5.1M
Bay CountyLowWinter weather377$2.5M
Jackson CountyLowTornado149$216K
Calhoun CountyLowStrong wind129$227K
Livingston CountyLowStrong wind228$992K
Tuscola CountyLowStrong wind97$1M
Midland CountyLowStrong wind289$28M
Sanilac CountyLowCold wave29$113K
Muskegon CountyLowStrong wind78$842K
Lenawee CountyLowStrong wind59$345K
Mecosta CountyLowStrong wind53$1.5M
Marquette CountyLowHail38$233K
Allegan CountyLowStrong wind118$1.3M
Eaton CountyLowStrong wind192$703K
Lapeer CountyLowStrong wind47$174K
Isabella CountyLowWinter weather110$543K
Grand Traverse CountyLowWinter weather126$1.1M
Shiawassee CountyLowStrong wind215$106K
Van Buren CountyLowHail68$221K
Cheboygan CountyLowCold wave66$1.7M
Dickinson CountyLowCold wave24$14.8K
Huron CountyLowCold wave169$228K
St. Joseph CountyLowHail84$1.6M
Montcalm CountyLowStrong wind12$110K
Roscommon CountyLowWinter weather7$93.2K
Ionia CountyLowStrong wind87$292K
Iron CountyLowCold wave1-
Gratiot CountyLowStrong wind51$149K
Delta CountyLowCold wave42$313K
Branch CountyLowHail73$606K
Hillsdale CountyLowTornado21$184K
Leelanau CountyLowCold wave113$122K
Cass CountyLowStrong wind49$112K
Clare CountyLowStrong wind32$26.8K
Newaygo CountyLowWinter weather91$4.3M
Clinton CountyLowStrong wind78$497K
Barry CountyLowStrong wind181$3.1M
Menominee CountyLowCold wave60$422K
Gladwin CountyVery LowWinter weather37$1.7M
Emmet CountyVery LowCold wave61$31.7K
Iosco CountyVery LowWinter weather183$841K
Manistee CountyVery LowWinter weather37$253K
Ogemaw CountyVery LowHail--
Wexford CountyVery LowWinter weather40$616K
Oceana CountyVery LowStrong wind45$183K
Alpena CountyVery LowCold wave47$57.3K
Chippewa CountyVery LowWildfire73$137K
Antrim CountyVery LowCold wave22$5,343
Gogebic CountyVery LowLightning12$38.3K
Mason CountyVery LowWinter weather47$238K
Houghton CountyVery LowWinter weather9$117K
Osceola CountyVery LowWinter weather39$1.7M
Benzie CountyVery LowWinter weather21$86.7K
Charlevoix CountyVery LowCold wave40$184K
Lake CountyVery LowWinter weather13$1.2M
Presque Isle CountyVery LowLightning--
Kalkaska CountyVery LowWinter weather5-
Arenac CountyVery LowWinter weather100$2.1M
Otsego CountyVery LowHail--
Crawford CountyVery LowWinter weather23$122K
Alcona CountyVery LowLightning34$72.3K
Montmorency CountyVery LowLandslide--
Oscoda CountyVery LowLightning--
Missaukee CountyVery LowWinter weather--
Baraga CountyVery LowCold wave7$14.3K
Alger CountyVery LowLightning19$51.9K
Mackinac CountyVery LowLandslide38$8,898
Schoolcraft CountyVery LowLightning2$10K
Ontonagon CountyVery LowWinter weather12$4,653
Luce CountyVery LowLandslide-$5,511
Keweenaw CountyVery LowWinter weather--

Storm events by type

Since 1996: 234 deaths, $6.3B in property and crop damage

  • Thunderstorm Wind10,142 · 38 deaths
  • Hail4,921
  • Winter Storm4,104 · 7 deaths
  • Heavy Snow2,508 · 1 death
  • Winter Weather2,465 · 41 deaths
  • High Wind1,327 · 6 deaths
  • Lake-Effect Snow856
  • Flood641 · 4 deaths
  • Cold/Wind Chill608 · 21 deaths
  • Flash Flood542 · 6 deaths
  • Tornado495 · 16 deaths
  • Blizzard438 · 1 death

Events per year

Storm events per year in Michigan

Most damaging storms

Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage

  • Flash Flood06/26/2021

    Northville, Wayne County

    $139M damage

    What happened

    Numerous roads and highways became impassable due to flooding. Four to eight inches of rainfall was reported in and around downtown Detroit, with Grosse Pointe Park reporting the highest total of 8.19 inches. Almost 15,000 homes suffered major flood damage, with close to 6000 homes experiencing minor flood damage across the northern part of county.

  • Flash Flood06/23/2017

    Coleman, Midland County

    $116M damage

    What happened

    Five to eight inches of rain fell, leading to widespread major flooding. 57 homes were destroyed with over 1900 homes damaged. 193 roads and bridges damaged or destroyed.

  • TornadoEF3, 15.79 mi path, 200 yd wide05/20/2022

    Elmira, Otsego County

    2 deaths, 44 injured, $50M damage

    What happened

    This tornado formed in Antrim county 4 miles east of Alba and continued into Otsego county 100 yards SE of the Alba Rd/Old Alba Rd intersection. The tornado continued to move east northeast for almost 16 additional miles before dissipating around 1.75 miles northeast of Sparr. The tornado was rated EF3 in Otsego county based on damage surveyed in multiple locations around the Gaylord area. The first of these locations was damage in the Nottingham Forest manufactured home community. Multiple units were completely destroyed with debris blown away from the original locations of the units (DI 4, DOD 12). The second location was the business district of Gaylord where the buildings of Hobby Lobby, Maurices, and Jimmy Johns experienced collapses of exterior walls where interior walls remained standing (DI 10, DOD 8). The last location, which had the highest estimated wind speed of 150 mph, was damage found to homes on Berkshire Ln on the northeast side of Gaylord. Most exterior walls were collapsed and only partial interior walls were left standing (DI 2, DOD 8). The tornado dissipated at 1457 EST about 1.75 miles northeast of Sparr. Two fatalities were reported in the Nottingham...

  • Flash Flood06/17/2018

    Alcone, Houghton County

    1 death, $100M damage

    What happened

    Three to nearly seven inches of rainfall in the early morning hours of the 17th caused widespread and catastrophic flash flooding across much of Houghton County from Chassell through Houghton/Hancock to Dollar Bay, Hubbell and Lake Linden. The NOAA Precipitation Frequency Atlas indicated a 1000-year recurrence interval for rainfall amounts of the magnitude which occurred during this event. The Houghton County emergency manager reported that nearly all roads were impassable in central and southern Houghton County. Many homes and businesses were flooded throughout the area, particularly in Houghton/Hancock where one fatality occurred when a basement collapsed at a home on Canal Road. The Administration Building at Michigan Tech University also sustained flood damage. Governor Rick Snyder declared a state of disaster for Houghton County a day after the flooding occurred and damage estimates from flooding are currently over $100 million. Recovery efforts will be ongoing over Houghton County for the next several months.

  • Flash Flood05/19/2020

    Edenville, Midland County

    $100M damage

    What happened

    The failure of Edenville Dam lead to the failure of the Sanford Dam downstream and historic flooding along the Tittabawassee River as the river stage at Midland reached 35.05 feet on May 20th. Widespread homes and businesses suffered damage. Two bridges were washed away and the highway U.S. 10 bridge was also damaged.

  • Flash Flood05/20/2020

    Sanford, Midland County

    $100M damage

    What happened

    The Sanford Dam failed due to the failure of the Edenville Dam upstream in response to widespread heavy rain. This lead to historic flooding along the Tittabawassee River as the river stage at Midland reached 35.05 feet on May 20th. Approximately 1000 buildings or homes were severely damaged or destroyed, with about 1500 homes or buildings being affected or suffering minor flood damage in total across Midland County.

Flood insurance

National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims

16,036 homes in Michigan have flood insurance, about 0.4% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 11,729 of 63,812 homes (18%) are insured.

Flood claims paid per year in Michigan
  • Flooding$13.4M · 2,854 claims
  • 2026-04-Flooding$6.4M · 173 claims
  • Hurricane Ike$1.3M · 112 claims

Drinking water

1,376 community water systems serve about 7,428,120 people

Since 2021, 259 systems reported 447 health-based violations. 127 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:

  • Yankee Springs MeadowsServes 710 · Groundwater · Private18 health violations+1 monitoring or reporting
  • Benton HarborServes 9,103 · Surface water · Local government14 health violations+11 monitoring or reporting
  • Nahma TownshipServes 95 · Groundwater · Local government10 health violations+8 monitoring or reporting
  • Fenton Harbor CondominiumsServes 40 · Groundwater · Private10 health violations+31 monitoring or reporting
  • The Pines of GoodrichServes 40 · Groundwater · Private10 health violations+8 monitoring or reporting
  • Westhaven Mobile Home Park, LLCServes 122 · Groundwater · Private9 health violations+28 monitoring or reporting
  • Battle Creek - Verona SystemServes 43,975 · Groundwater · Local government8 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
  • Emmett TownshipServes 2,550 · Purchased groundwater · Local government7 health violations+2 monitoring or reporting

Select a county above to see every system that serves it.

Climate in the largest cities

1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station

CityJuly highJan lowRainSnow
Detroit84°F19°F34.9 in-
Grand Rapids82°F17°F39.6 in74.9 in
Warren84°F20°F29.9 in-
Sterling Heights82°F18°F35.0 in32.2 in
Ann Arbor84°F15°F29.8 in-
Lansing83°F17°F33.3 in50.2 in
Dearborn84°F18°F35.0 in30.8 in
Livonia83°F16°F33.0 in36.0 in

Pollution sites

90 Superfund sites and 769 toxic release facilities

Superfund sites

All 90 in Michigan

Largest toxic releases

All 769 in Michigan

Facilities in Michigan reported 60.9 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 10.0 million lbs of it into the air.

Frequently asked questions

What is the biggest natural hazard in Michigan?
By expected annual loss, tornado costs the most in Michigan ($474M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
How many storms hit Michigan each year?
NOAA recorded 31,517 storm events in Michigan since 1996, about 1,017 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
How many homes in Michigan have flood insurance?
16,036 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Michigan. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $150M on 14,792 claims here.
How many Superfund sites are in Michigan?
Michigan has 90 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.

Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.