Michigan Environment & Hazard Risk
3 counties rated high or very high risk. 31,517 storm events since 1996, #27 among states.
- Expected yearly loss
- $2.9B
- $283 per person
- Storm events since 1996
- 31,517
- Most often thunderstorm wind
- Flood insurance policies
- 16,036
- $150M in claims paid
- Superfund sites
- 90
- 769 toxic release facilities
Risk by county
FEMA National Risk Index rating, highest risk first
| County | Overall risk | Top hazard | Flood policies | Flood claims paid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wayne County | High | Cold wave | 3,357 | $13.7M |
| Oakland County | High | Tornado | 1,096 | $5.5M |
| Macomb County | High | Tornado | 1,360 | $9M |
| Kent County | Moderate | Strong wind | 555 | $10.4M |
| Genesee County | Moderate | Tornado | 330 | $3.3M |
| Washtenaw County | Moderate | Strong wind | 416 | $1.6M |
| Saginaw County | Moderate | Winter weather | 841 | $11.8M |
| Ingham County | Moderate | Strong wind | 608 | $2.4M |
| Ottawa County | Moderate | Strong wind | 318 | $3.4M |
| Monroe County | Moderate | Strong wind | 822 | $9.9M |
| St. Clair County | Moderate | Cold wave | 1,248 | $5.2M |
| Berrien County | Moderate | Strong wind | 304 | $4.4M |
| Kalamazoo County | Moderate | Hail | 172 | $5.1M |
| Bay County | Low | Winter weather | 377 | $2.5M |
| Jackson County | Low | Tornado | 149 | $216K |
| Calhoun County | Low | Strong wind | 129 | $227K |
| Livingston County | Low | Strong wind | 228 | $992K |
| Tuscola County | Low | Strong wind | 97 | $1M |
| Midland County | Low | Strong wind | 289 | $28M |
| Sanilac County | Low | Cold wave | 29 | $113K |
| Muskegon County | Low | Strong wind | 78 | $842K |
| Lenawee County | Low | Strong wind | 59 | $345K |
| Mecosta County | Low | Strong wind | 53 | $1.5M |
| Marquette County | Low | Hail | 38 | $233K |
| Allegan County | Low | Strong wind | 118 | $1.3M |
| Eaton County | Low | Strong wind | 192 | $703K |
| Lapeer County | Low | Strong wind | 47 | $174K |
| Isabella County | Low | Winter weather | 110 | $543K |
| Grand Traverse County | Low | Winter weather | 126 | $1.1M |
| Shiawassee County | Low | Strong wind | 215 | $106K |
| Van Buren County | Low | Hail | 68 | $221K |
| Cheboygan County | Low | Cold wave | 66 | $1.7M |
| Dickinson County | Low | Cold wave | 24 | $14.8K |
| Huron County | Low | Cold wave | 169 | $228K |
| St. Joseph County | Low | Hail | 84 | $1.6M |
| Montcalm County | Low | Strong wind | 12 | $110K |
| Roscommon County | Low | Winter weather | 7 | $93.2K |
| Ionia County | Low | Strong wind | 87 | $292K |
| Iron County | Low | Cold wave | 1 | - |
| Gratiot County | Low | Strong wind | 51 | $149K |
| Delta County | Low | Cold wave | 42 | $313K |
| Branch County | Low | Hail | 73 | $606K |
| Hillsdale County | Low | Tornado | 21 | $184K |
| Leelanau County | Low | Cold wave | 113 | $122K |
| Cass County | Low | Strong wind | 49 | $112K |
| Clare County | Low | Strong wind | 32 | $26.8K |
| Newaygo County | Low | Winter weather | 91 | $4.3M |
| Clinton County | Low | Strong wind | 78 | $497K |
| Barry County | Low | Strong wind | 181 | $3.1M |
| Menominee County | Low | Cold wave | 60 | $422K |
| Gladwin County | Very Low | Winter weather | 37 | $1.7M |
| Emmet County | Very Low | Cold wave | 61 | $31.7K |
| Iosco County | Very Low | Winter weather | 183 | $841K |
| Manistee County | Very Low | Winter weather | 37 | $253K |
| Ogemaw County | Very Low | Hail | - | - |
| Wexford County | Very Low | Winter weather | 40 | $616K |
| Oceana County | Very Low | Strong wind | 45 | $183K |
| Alpena County | Very Low | Cold wave | 47 | $57.3K |
| Chippewa County | Very Low | Wildfire | 73 | $137K |
| Antrim County | Very Low | Cold wave | 22 | $5,343 |
| Gogebic County | Very Low | Lightning | 12 | $38.3K |
| Mason County | Very Low | Winter weather | 47 | $238K |
| Houghton County | Very Low | Winter weather | 9 | $117K |
| Osceola County | Very Low | Winter weather | 39 | $1.7M |
| Benzie County | Very Low | Winter weather | 21 | $86.7K |
| Charlevoix County | Very Low | Cold wave | 40 | $184K |
| Lake County | Very Low | Winter weather | 13 | $1.2M |
| Presque Isle County | Very Low | Lightning | - | - |
| Kalkaska County | Very Low | Winter weather | 5 | - |
| Arenac County | Very Low | Winter weather | 100 | $2.1M |
| Otsego County | Very Low | Hail | - | - |
| Crawford County | Very Low | Winter weather | 23 | $122K |
| Alcona County | Very Low | Lightning | 34 | $72.3K |
| Montmorency County | Very Low | Landslide | - | - |
| Oscoda County | Very Low | Lightning | - | - |
| Missaukee County | Very Low | Winter weather | - | - |
| Baraga County | Very Low | Cold wave | 7 | $14.3K |
| Alger County | Very Low | Lightning | 19 | $51.9K |
| Mackinac County | Very Low | Landslide | 38 | $8,898 |
| Schoolcraft County | Very Low | Lightning | 2 | $10K |
| Ontonagon County | Very Low | Winter weather | 12 | $4,653 |
| Luce County | Very Low | Landslide | - | $5,511 |
| Keweenaw County | Very Low | Winter weather | - | - |
Storm events by type
Since 1996: 234 deaths, $6.3B in property and crop damage
- Thunderstorm Wind10,142 · 38 deaths
- Hail4,921
- Winter Storm4,104 · 7 deaths
- Heavy Snow2,508 · 1 death
- Winter Weather2,465 · 41 deaths
- High Wind1,327 · 6 deaths
- Lake-Effect Snow856
- Flood641 · 4 deaths
- Cold/Wind Chill608 · 21 deaths
- Flash Flood542 · 6 deaths
- Tornado495 · 16 deaths
- Blizzard438 · 1 death
Events per year
Most damaging storms
Since 2017, ranked by deaths, injuries and damage
- Flash Flood06/26/2021
Northville, Wayne County
$139M damage
What happened
Numerous roads and highways became impassable due to flooding. Four to eight inches of rainfall was reported in and around downtown Detroit, with Grosse Pointe Park reporting the highest total of 8.19 inches. Almost 15,000 homes suffered major flood damage, with close to 6000 homes experiencing minor flood damage across the northern part of county.
- Flash Flood06/23/2017
Coleman, Midland County
$116M damage
What happened
Five to eight inches of rain fell, leading to widespread major flooding. 57 homes were destroyed with over 1900 homes damaged. 193 roads and bridges damaged or destroyed.
- TornadoEF3, 15.79 mi path, 200 yd wide05/20/2022
Elmira, Otsego County
2 deaths, 44 injured, $50M damage
What happened
This tornado formed in Antrim county 4 miles east of Alba and continued into Otsego county 100 yards SE of the Alba Rd/Old Alba Rd intersection. The tornado continued to move east northeast for almost 16 additional miles before dissipating around 1.75 miles northeast of Sparr. The tornado was rated EF3 in Otsego county based on damage surveyed in multiple locations around the Gaylord area. The first of these locations was damage in the Nottingham Forest manufactured home community. Multiple units were completely destroyed with debris blown away from the original locations of the units (DI 4, DOD 12). The second location was the business district of Gaylord where the buildings of Hobby Lobby, Maurices, and Jimmy Johns experienced collapses of exterior walls where interior walls remained standing (DI 10, DOD 8). The last location, which had the highest estimated wind speed of 150 mph, was damage found to homes on Berkshire Ln on the northeast side of Gaylord. Most exterior walls were collapsed and only partial interior walls were left standing (DI 2, DOD 8). The tornado dissipated at 1457 EST about 1.75 miles northeast of Sparr. Two fatalities were reported in the Nottingham...
- Flash Flood06/17/2018
Alcone, Houghton County
1 death, $100M damage
What happened
Three to nearly seven inches of rainfall in the early morning hours of the 17th caused widespread and catastrophic flash flooding across much of Houghton County from Chassell through Houghton/Hancock to Dollar Bay, Hubbell and Lake Linden. The NOAA Precipitation Frequency Atlas indicated a 1000-year recurrence interval for rainfall amounts of the magnitude which occurred during this event. The Houghton County emergency manager reported that nearly all roads were impassable in central and southern Houghton County. Many homes and businesses were flooded throughout the area, particularly in Houghton/Hancock where one fatality occurred when a basement collapsed at a home on Canal Road. The Administration Building at Michigan Tech University also sustained flood damage. Governor Rick Snyder declared a state of disaster for Houghton County a day after the flooding occurred and damage estimates from flooding are currently over $100 million. Recovery efforts will be ongoing over Houghton County for the next several months.
- Flash Flood05/19/2020
Edenville, Midland County
$100M damage
What happened
The failure of Edenville Dam lead to the failure of the Sanford Dam downstream and historic flooding along the Tittabawassee River as the river stage at Midland reached 35.05 feet on May 20th. Widespread homes and businesses suffered damage. Two bridges were washed away and the highway U.S. 10 bridge was also damaged.
- Flash Flood05/20/2020
Sanford, Midland County
$100M damage
What happened
The Sanford Dam failed due to the failure of the Edenville Dam upstream in response to widespread heavy rain. This lead to historic flooding along the Tittabawassee River as the river stage at Midland reached 35.05 feet on May 20th. Approximately 1000 buildings or homes were severely damaged or destroyed, with about 1500 homes or buildings being affected or suffering minor flood damage in total across Midland County.
Flood insurance
National Flood Insurance Program policies and claims
16,036 homes in Michigan have flood insurance, about 0.4% of residential buildings. In high-risk flood zones, 11,729 of 63,812 homes (18%) are insured.
- Flooding$13.4M · 2,854 claims
- 2026-04-Flooding$6.4M · 173 claims
- Hurricane Ike$1.3M · 112 claims
Drinking water
1,376 community water systems serve about 7,428,120 people
Since 2021, 259 systems reported 447 health-based violations. 127 systems had a violation of any kind still open at last report. These had the most:
- Yankee Springs MeadowsServes 710 · Groundwater · Private18 health violations+1 monitoring or reporting
- Benton HarborServes 9,103 · Surface water · Local government14 health violations+11 monitoring or reporting
- Nahma TownshipServes 95 · Groundwater · Local government10 health violations+8 monitoring or reporting
- Fenton Harbor CondominiumsServes 40 · Groundwater · Private10 health violations+31 monitoring or reporting
- The Pines of GoodrichServes 40 · Groundwater · Private10 health violations+8 monitoring or reporting
- Westhaven Mobile Home Park, LLCServes 122 · Groundwater · Private9 health violations+28 monitoring or reporting
- Battle Creek - Verona SystemServes 43,975 · Groundwater · Local government8 health violations+3 monitoring or reporting
- Emmett TownshipServes 2,550 · Purchased groundwater · Local government7 health violations+2 monitoring or reporting
Select a county above to see every system that serves it.
Climate in the largest cities
1991-2020 normals from the nearest NOAA weather station
| City | July high | Jan low | Rain | Snow |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Detroit | 84°F | 19°F | 34.9 in | - |
| Grand Rapids | 82°F | 17°F | 39.6 in | 74.9 in |
| Warren | 84°F | 20°F | 29.9 in | - |
| Sterling Heights | 82°F | 18°F | 35.0 in | 32.2 in |
| Ann Arbor | 84°F | 15°F | 29.8 in | - |
| Lansing | 83°F | 17°F | 33.3 in | 50.2 in |
| Dearborn | 84°F | 18°F | 35.0 in | 30.8 in |
| Livonia | 83°F | 16°F | 33.0 in | 36.0 in |
Pollution sites
90 Superfund sites and 769 toxic release facilities
Superfund sites
- Adam's PlatingFinal NPL Site, Lansing
- Aircraft Components (d & l Sales)Final NPL Site, Benton Harbor
- Albion-Sheridan Township LandfillFinal NPL Site, Albion
- Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/Kalamazoo RiverFinal NPL Site, Kalamazoo
- American Anodco, Inc.Final NPL Site, Ionia
- Auto Ion Chemicals, Inc.Final NPL Site, Kalamazoo
- Bay City MiddlegroundsProposed NPL Site, Bay City
- Bendix Corp./Allied AutomotiveFinal NPL Site, St. Joseph
Largest toxic releases
- Wayne Disposal Inc15.4 million lbs, Belleville
- Cleveland-Cliffs Steel Corp Dearborn Works7.1 million lbs, Dearborn
- Dte Electric Co - Monroe Power Plant4.6 million lbs, Monroe
- Eagle Mine Llc-Humboldt Mill4.3 million lbs, Champion
- Jbs Plainwell2.5 million lbs, Plainwell
- J H Campbell Generating Plant2.3 million lbs, West Olive
- Alloy Resource Corp1.7 million lbs, Muskegon
- Ervin Industries Inc916,706 lbs, Adrian
Facilities in Michigan reported 60.9 million lbs of toxic releases in 2024, 10.0 million lbs of it into the air.
Frequently asked questions
- What is the biggest natural hazard in Michigan?
- By expected annual loss, tornado costs the most in Michigan ($474M a year), according to FEMA's National Risk Index.
- How many storms hit Michigan each year?
- NOAA recorded 31,517 storm events in Michigan since 1996, about 1,017 a year. The most common type is thunderstorm wind.
- How many homes in Michigan have flood insurance?
- 16,036 residential flood insurance policies are in force in Michigan. Since 1978 the National Flood Insurance Program has paid $150M on 14,792 claims here.
- How many Superfund sites are in Michigan?
- Michigan has 90 Superfund sites on or deleted from EPA's National Priorities List.
Source: FEMA, NOAA, EPA · Last updated 08/01/2026 · Storm counts include events in forecast zones that touch each county. This product uses the FEMA OpenFEMA API, but is not endorsed by FEMA.